Lamka Vaakna leh Zodawn Mialna | I kikhe vovok tel uh maw!

Haumuanlun Samte

Tutung Krismas innlam ka pai kei geet. Innlam ka pai nawnlouhna a sawtsim taak ziak ahi diam, innlam ka veina himhim le dau gawpgai ta h'in ka thei. Hong dau dedeuh lai kha maithei. Hiai ah, Vai khopi ah, keimah thu in ka ut dandan in ka om dia, ka kipahna diing ahih naakleh ka duhduh ka ne dia, ka utut ka hihdia, innlam te khawng bang chu, ngaihtuah ngailou pi. Ngaihtuah khaak in le a omngei mah saam ua. Ka chih hun a hongtun taktak khaak diing lau ka hi. Mi tamtak te bang a.

Innlam a Krismas zang a pai te a hongtung kiik nawn panpan ta uhi. "A nuam hia? I gam bang a chi?" chia i dot chiang in, "Nuam lua himai!" a chivek uhi. Train tuan bang chu nuam peetmah, a honhon a chiaksuk zuazua. Lampi bang hoih gawpta. Meivaak le paihoih theilua. A khua himhim le changkaang gawp. Gaal a gaalmuang ta zomah. Inn te bang hoih theilua. Nungak heel mahmah ahi a nuam peen. Nuamlua himai.

Nuamsa lou omlou uh abang. A kipahpih huai uh. Nuam a va sakna peel ua thil thuukzaw i kan chiang in a theibaan kei uh abang. A phawkbaan kei uh.

Adik mah ahi. Lamka a nuam gawpta. A thupi gawpta. A changkaang gawpta. Bangteng a kim.

Ahihleh, simtu deihthoh tak, Lamka khopi peel a Zodawn khua te i muhtheihna mit in a mubaan hia? Bangchi bang a khosa ahi ua, chih i ngaihtuahna lungtang in a phawkbaan hia? "Zodawn" chih thumal toh bang i bulhkhawm a? Zawnna, nuaisiahna, mawl-sakna, thring-sakna leh houhngaihna? Ziingkaal ann neekkuan a Hmuia Veng leh Jion Street lak a, bus -- van dim phetphut, meihol bag toh meh toh bang toh, a sung a tuang mi te le a meel uh theihbut louh khop hial a puang, leivui khu in a tuamkhum -- hongtung nuainuai te i muhchiang in bang ngaihtuahna in i lungsim a hondeeng a?

Lampi bawldia seh a om a, sum tam pipi piak a om contractor te' nelhsiahna ziak a lampi se mahmah, se peetmah, mai tawn a, tuahsiat khaak diing lauthawng leh diipkua a omden a, lam kuak leh phon takmai tung a gari in a sawina, aguh-ataang teng uh golhgawp ngiingei a Lamka khopi hongtung thei haamhaam uh ahi chih i thei hia? Haksa tak a kumkhat a khohnung ua, a louma ua haigah omsun - gamsa chi tuamtuam leh sazu' neekbaang - te zuakdia Lamka khopi a honpua uh ahi chih i thei hia? Singtang lou a kipan a kham pianglou a, neekmuhtheihna diing lampi zong a a theih sunsun uh, meihol a haal te uh - huaile a singhoih haal di himhim vaangta - zuakdia Lamka khopi a honpua uh ahi chih i thei hia?

Hichizawng in geenni.

Design nalh taktak in inn i lam a, gari suak thakthak i khopi ah i tolhluut zungzung a, moblile phone suak thakthak, changkaang taktak i tawi ferfur a, niteng a top-up card lei in i zang bei zungzung a, "star TV" mai a tu in tumlam gam te' khosak daan, omdaan leh kicheidaan te i enton a, internet tungtawn in khoveel kilchih i dapsuak. Lamka khopi ah.

Ahihleh, Lamka a kipan km 30 lel a nai Singngat khua peel a Zodawn khua te ah meivaak om nailou ahihlam i theipha uhia? Ahoupeen a geen in. Km 30 lel ahi. A kikhoukhiakna uang deuh hilou hiam? Vovok mai.

Mutheih thil a kikhiakna a om a, huaite sang in muhtheihlouh thil a kikhoukhiakna a uang zawlai hi. I ngaihtuah zawng leh i lungsim putzia a kikhe mahmah mai. Huailam sau geenkei ni. Kiphawkpih-louhna leh kinngaihsak-louhna lam i geen diing.

Innlam a vapai, hongtung thak te kiang ah, "Mautaam i gam ah om (pan) ta chihthu khawng a om a, nang amun a vapai, bang a chi a?" chia i dotbawl chiang a a hon dawnna uh ahihleh, "Singtang lam te zaw kial chi mah ve uh aw," ahimai. Mah ve uh aw. Lamka a Tedim Road zuul a thuthei deuh, dawrkai te dong lehang leeng, a hon dawnna diing uh ahihleh, "Chi mah ve uh aw," ahi ringot mai diing.

I gam a Mautaam kial om (diing) in awlmoh khenkhat a su lungliap mahmah hi. Huchihlai in ana phawkkha vetlou leeng tampi om. "Phawk" i chih kei mimal khiatna in chi nih in a khentheih: "as a news daan a thei" leh "awlmoh a vei." Vaigam khawng a khanglian eimi, a career ua tungsaang mahmah ta, khenkhat, hiai Mautaam thu i geenpih khaakleh, a hon dawnna masa uh ahihleh hiai ahi tel: "Mautaam? Bamboo flowring maw? Mizoram a kha?"

2006 May kha in Zomi singsaat 21 veel Kawl sepaih te'n gamgi zuul ah a man ua, kum 20 diing khawng heentaang dia thutan khum in a om uhi. Hiai hi thil ngaihkhawk huai mahmah ahi. Hinapi in, innlam te'n hiaithu ana ngaihsak lotel lawmlawm kei uh. Huai hunlai a i kanbawl chiang in leeng a hon dawnna uh ahihleh "mah ve uh aw," ahi top mai. Awlmoh khenkhat, mundang a kipan in a kipei ua, a tankhe thei ua hiveen.

Lamka khoveel ah, Zodawn lam te nelhsiahna leh ngaihsak-louhna uangtak mai a om hi. A ziak diing a ka gintaak khat ahihleh, i media lam te un Zodawn lamte' dinmun, Lamka khopi a mi vaantaang in a theihdia a phoulat ngeilouh ziak uh hi'n ka thei. I Zodawn etlawmna leh hoihna te taaklat in a om ngeikei a, a haksatna te uh leeng taklat in a om ngei tuankei. I tanchinbu te ua "tanchin thak" kisuah te ahihleh Lamka khopi ah a kipan a, huchiin Phaipi ah, huchiin Vaigam ah, leh khoveel mun dang ah. Lamka nunglam a Zodawn tanchin te a tuang ngeikei. A tuang sunsun ahihleh, Zodawn lam te gam vaakna a gamsa sa a ki kaapkha ua, Lamka Damdawi Inn a hong ki ensak te khawng maimai a bang. Huaile Lamka Damdawi Inn a hon naihziak uh hilai. A hon naih zoulou te la? Eimah sung a piangkhia thil te paakta lawmlawm lou i bang hi.

Huaiziak tak in Lamka mipi te'n Zodawn lam thu himhim bangmah i theikei uhi. I theihlouh ziak tak un i ngaihsak kei ua, awlmoh in leeng i nei bokkei uh. Ngaihsak a awlmoh hile, Thanlon khawng leh Singngat a eimi ngeeingeei, solkal sepna nei te'n bangziak a Lamka ah, kumtawp chiang a biak inn a sande sikul kaikim man kipahpihna saang gige uh ahia? Bangziak a contractor, eimi ngeeingeei te'n, i Zodawn lampi te hichi tel a nelhsiah ahi ua?

Tu in leeng, Hiangtam khogei ah, Behiang truck khat a tuahsia a, mi 20 hiilhial in sihna a tuak. Bangziak ahia? Hiai ah i Kristian kulmuutna zangkei ni. A sih hun uh a tunziak ahikei. A vaangsiat ziak uh leeng a hisaam kei. Hiai lei ahihleh a siat patna ahikei. A se gige. Ahihleh, hiai mi 20, singtaang mi 20 leh a liam dang te; singtaang ah khosak haksa tak a khosa a, a khua ua doctor omlouh ziak a ki-ensak dia Lamka khopi honzuan te; a louma ua piang haigah leh thil nengneng zuak dia Lamka khopi honzuan te; a khua ua neektawm vanneng lei diing omlouh ziak a Lamka khopi honzuan te; lametna liantak mai toh Lamka khopi apan a hongtun kiik nawn kaal uh ngaaklah a a khua a om a zi te uh, a pasal te uh, a ta te uh, a nu-le-pa te uh nusia a Lamka khopi honzuan te; khopi thupi takmai Lamka mudia kilawptak a gari a hongtuang te; hiai khoveel a hin ut lai ngoihngoih te, bangziak a amau te a kipan a hinna gui uh bohtah sak a om ahi ua? Bangziak in ahia? Kua mohna ahia?

Abangbang hileh, eimi te neih thilkhat, i chituamna mahmah leh i pahtaak huai mahmah na uh khat a om hi. Huai ahihleh tantawk a lungkimna ahi.

Buailai in singtang lam ah khe in ka va zinkha a, imi-isa te' gentheih daan ka mit ngei in ka va mu hi. Genthei ka chih in lauhthawnna lam a geenkei a, neek diing tasam a a omna lam uh geenzaw ka hi. I pai khaakna khua te ah, amau ann neekpih lou in, ka puak uh hiam, ka leitawm te uh hiam ka ne zaw uhi. Neek diing a taaksap ziak un. Himahleh, huaihun in, "singtaang ah kial om" chih thu himhim mundang a te'n a theih uh ka gingkei. Ziakbel, eimi te i leikou kei ua, neek diing neikei mahle hang, mi' mai a va kuun saang a ngawl utzaw te i hi uhi.

Kial ngoihngoih mahle hang.

www.zogam.com

Hiengtam tragedy live coverage | 19 killed as their truck collapse with a bridge

Behieng Truck tuosie live coverage bu ZOLENGTHE SMS


Zolengthe SMS in Behieng apat Lamka zuon Truck tuosie atuona ah Zolengthe SMS in theitawp suo in India pumpi a di'n live coverage kibawl a, tam anei a ate ahileh mipite pankhawmna zieha hing suodoh ahi. India Pumpi ah ZOLENGTHE SMS tung suo hi.

19 killed as their truck collapse with a bridge

Lamka, Jan 17: Nineteen people mostly residents of Behiang, a village bordering Myanmar were killed in a mishap today as a passengers truck they were traveling collapse with a bridge they passes through at Sehken village.

occurred when a newly constructed wooden bridge laid in between Hiangtam and Sehken village collapse with the passenger truck that passes through. Sixteen dead bodies were allegedly retrieved from the spot while another three succumbs while enroute to Singngat. In all thirty three injured being brought to the hospital here at around 7:45pm. A couple of pregnant women and atleast four children were among the injured. Though some were visibly critical, a doctor attending the patients, for the time being rule out any contention of further sinister.

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Introduction to a brief historical records of the Zo people

The Zos are Tibeto-mongoloid group of people, a sub-family of the Kuki-Chin-Mizo race. The name Zo or Zou is the name of a group of Tibeto-Burman people inhabiting the ChinHills in Mynamar and Manipur in India. It is also recorded as Yo,Jou,Zou by many colonial civil servants and modern writers. While colonial records referred to the Zou tribe variously as ‘Yo’ or ‘Yaw’, the Zou community living in Manipur called themselves ‘Jou’. The first Christian church established by the Zou tribe in Manipur was called Jou Christian Association (JCA) on 20 February 1954. But the Government of India officially recognised the name of this tribe as ‘Zou’ in 1956.

I) The earliest historical records of Zo was written by Fan-Cho a diplomat of Tang dynasty of China who mentioned of a kingdom in Chindween valley whose princes and chiefs were callled Zo or Shou or Zhou in the year 862 A. D.

II) The most genuine historical records of the Zos/Zous were written down by Rev.Fr.Vincentious Sangermano; a Roman Catholic Missionary who came to Burma in 1783 A.D. He wrote a book entitled “A Description of the Burmese Empire” it was published in 1835 A.D in Rome in latin language, later on it was translated into English by William Tandy D.D. (reprinted at the Goverment Press,Yangon;MDCL XXXV) Page 35; wrote about the Jou.

The extracts are given as under:-

“To the East of Chien Mountains between 20o30’ seconds and 21o30’ North latitude is apetty nation called ‘JOU'. They are supposed to have been Chein,who in progress of time, have become Burmaniszed,speaking their language,although very corruptly, and adopting all their customs”

III) Betram S.Carey CIE,Assitant Commissioner,Burma, and Political Officer,Chin Hills and H.N.Tuck ,Extra Assitant Commissioner,Burma and Assistant Political Officer,Chin Hills wrote 'THE CHIN HILLS'. In that book Volume I page 140 they wrote about the Zos as follows:-

“The Yos[Zos} tribe three generations back occupied the tract now occupied by the Kanhow clan of Soktes, and many of the Kanhow villages are inhabited still by Yos,whose tribal name has given way to that of Kanhow. As has been shown in the previous chapter,Kantum, the Sokte, conquered all the inhabitants right up to the borders of Manipur, and Kanhow, his so, founded Tiddim village and ruled the newly acquired conquests of his father. The conquered Yos thus became known as Kanhowte,Kanhow’s men, and as they intermaried with the Soktes who settled north with Kanhow Kanhow,there is no real difference between the conquerors and the conquered”.

V ) F. K. Lehman of Illinois Studies in Anthropology No.3, The University of Illinois Press Urbans 1963, Page 179 states as follows:

Between Burma and India there lived a racial group people who are living with their tradition and customs firmly. They are not easy to ruling. They worship “SHA” which was their dead peoples spirits. They called their dead people’s evil spirit JIN. Their origin name is “JOU”

VI) The terms ‘Zo’ have been employed in many books written by the people. The first complete version of the Holy Bible in Zo language(1983 A D) used the title as 'The Holy Bible in Zo' and the second complete Holy Bible also used the word 'Zokam'.

Pu. T.Gougin used the terminology :Zo and Zomi to denote this community in the book 'A Brief History of Zou'(1961 A.D.) and (L)Pu. Thangkhanlal also used the term 'Zo' in his Zo primer(1973) and Pu. Goupau in 'Zo Sannemla' others.

The term ‘Zou’ is officially accepted to refer to the Zou tribe in Manipur since 1956. But in Myanmar(Burma) these very same people; they have been using the term 'Zo' to denote themselves in Chin Hills and Sagaing division of Myanmar since the beginning of Roman script for writing perhaps as early as 1920s. The name 'Zo' has been used by Zo Baptist Association (ZBA) and Zo Presbyterian Synod Church in Myanmar.

In the year 1926 two missionaries Mr. Hrangchuaka and Mr.Dawnthawma visited the Zo country and wrote their about them in the bulletin ‘Khristian’.

Free translation of the above write up is given below:-

“First of all,I would like to tell briefly about the land as described below:- The country is located in the Imphal areas and north of Guite tracts,between the lands of Meitei and Sukte along the valley of Imphal river. Like, the Lushei country they people have petty chieftains in the small villages which are not extensive enough. They all called themselves by the racial name or tribal name; Zo and their chief amongst them belongs to the Manlun clan, below them there are two other tribes but they are not worth mentioning, they are very ignorant and illiterate; I learnt that they fought against the Government few years back. Religion: they are all worshippers of spirits of their forefathers, and they practised animal sacrifices to propitiate the spirits.. ‘I donot have a son. If I follow God will I have a son? They used to asked me,thus,the Zo ram ‘Zo country’ does not hear that God sent his only begotten son to redeem the sinners,therefore,I implore to you to please pray for this Zo people”.

A brief Historical linguistics of Kuki-Chin languages with special reference to Diachronic linguistic studies of Zo language in India and Burma During the ancient period the Zo people are said to have possess their own script written on parchments. In course of their migration to distant lands these parchments were lost. Some believed that they were eaten by hungry dogs. Zo language is believed to be very old language as told by elders of the community. Zo language had been in usage cir A.D 850, Prof. G.H Luce stated that the though it is known as Tibeto-Burman their common language is either Chin or Kachin or the combination of both of them. The Zo language is very closely related to the Kachin language.

The coming of missionaries into the land of the Zo people nearly coincides with the education of the people and thus we may say that the historical linguistics of Zo language begins with the advent of the missionaries into the Zo country; eastern and western regions.

Lushai/Mizo language

In 1893 R.Arthington of the Arthington Aborigines Mission sent two missionaries to Aizawl. In 1894 F.W.Savidge and J.H.Lorraine reached southwest Mizoram. They learned the Lushai(Mizo) language and introduced the Roman script for writing the unwritten Lushai language. They translated some Bible parables and started preparing the Lusei-English Dictionary . They taught the people how to read and write in their mission schools. They translated the Gospel of St. John and the Acts of the Aposltes in Lushai language. They were transferred in 1897. Thus, Lushai/Lusei literature began its long journey from then onwards. In 1898, Rev.D.E Jones reached the western part of Lushai Hills. By 1899,he visited all the important villages they opened up missionary schools and taught the Duhlien dialect.

Haka(Lai) and Khalkha languages

In 1898,Rev.Carson and his wife reached Haka to preach the Good News. On 15,March,1899, Rev. Arthur Carson and his wife of A.B.M reached Haka the capital of the Chin State/Hills,with much difficulties he managed to convert one person in 1904,after struggling for five years. He introduced the Roman alphabet and taught the people how to write in their mother tongue. He translated the New Testament into different dialects. He died on 1,April,1908 at Haka.

On 5,April,1906 Chester Strait arrived at Haka. He learnt the Haka(Lai) language well. He established a Bible school at Haka in May,1928 with few students. He prepared Sunday school lessons and translated the New Testament in Lai(Haka) language which was published by Mission Press Rangoon in 1940.

Tangkhul language

In 1894,February William Pettigrew who was incharge of the American Baptist Mission,opened a school among the Meitei Hindus at Imphal. He was not welcomed in the land of Meiteis. In 1895,he establish a Mission centre at Ukhrul. From the years 1895 to 1910 he learnt the local language,later on he developed the Tangkhul language by unifying the various village dialectical groups into one single language; Hundung/Ukhrul dialect.

Thado-Kuki language

On the demand of Rev. William Pettigrew,Dr.Grozier came to Kangpokpi in the last part of 1909. From 1910 onwards,he set up a Medical Centre at Kangpokpi Mission Compound servving as Doctor for the sick and the poor. The history of this language began with the arrival of the missionaries at Kangpokpi,Manipur state. T.C Hodson(1905) called this language as Thado,Rev. William Pettigrew named it Thadou. Longkhobel Kilong(1922) and Thomsong Ngulhao(Lekhabul,Thadou Kuki first Primer 1927) called it Thadou Kuki.

T.Lunkim,in the early 1970s proposed the name of this language as 'Kuki'. He wrote the Holy Bible in Kuki.

Mssrs. Lt.R.Steward (author of ' A slight notice of the Grammar of Thado or New Kuki language published in the Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal 1857) and Dament called it Thado language and local dialect it is known as Thado pao. Thadou or Thadou-Kuki is a language spoken in the states of Assam,Nagaland,Mizoram,Manipur and in the Chin Hills of Burma and Chittagong tracts of Bangladesh.It is widely spoken language belonging to the Kuki-Chin sub-group of Tibeto-Burman sub-family of Sino-Tibetan families of languages.It shares linguistic similarities and ethnographic similarities with the other dialects of th Kuki-Chin sub-groups.

Hmar language: The Hmar language belongs to the Kuki-Chin-Naga sub-group of Tibeto-Burman stock of the great Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The speakers of the language are also known as Hmar.

Hmar speakers are scattered over a vast area in Mizoram,Manipur, NC Hills and Cachar districts of Assam state,India. There is no homogenous settlement of Hmar speakers alone. Hmar is a recognised language in the School curriculum of Assam, Manipur and Mizoram, and also recently recognised as one of the Modern Indian Language (MIL) at Manipur University. Board of Secondary Education, Assam has also included Hmar as an MIL in its matriculation syllabus from 2005.

In the year 1912 A.D the Royal Asiatic Society,Calcutta was founded with Dr.George A.Grierson as one of its founders. In one of its journal they proposed Roman alphabet to write the dialects of the wild tribes. Zo literature also saw its birth sometime in the second decade of the 20th century. In1904-1930,Dr.George A.Grierson prepared a detailed descriptions of Kuki-Chin languages in Part 3 Vol No.3

Diachronic Linguistic Studies of Zo language in Burma and India

Kamhau dialect and Tiddim-Chin language

In Burma the development of Zo language and literature owes to one great missionary in the person of Rev. Joseph Hebert Cope of American Baptist Mission. In December 21,1908, he reached Haka and learnt the Haka and Falam dialects to spread the word of God but he was not very successful. In 1910, he arrived at Tedim town in Chin Hills and he began to learn the local language;Tedim-Chin or Tiddim-Chin. He had to face a lot of resistance and hardships. The practice of social drinking was prevalent in those days,it took quie a long time to convert souls for Christ due to the orthodox religion of the Zo people who used to worship a supreme being called ‘Pasien’ and their ancestors’ spirits called ‘Pusha’ and form of worship known as ‘Pusha Bieh’. Their form of ancient religion may be called ‘Lawkism’ in anglicized terminlogy.

The beginning of the 20th century Pu. Kamhau was oen of the Sukte rulers(Innpite) of Tedim,Tonzang and other Zo villages in Chin Hills,his dialect was similar to the Tiddim-Chin dialect, therefore, he propagated his own dialect amongst his subjects after his name; Kamhau and he made it as the official language of his tracts with the patronage of the British Rulers and missionaries of those days. It was known as Kamhau dialect.

J.H. Cope compiled hymn book in Tedim dialect and he also published portions of the Gospels. In 1913, he compiled the first Chin Primer in Tedim dialect using Roman Scripts called Mang Tual Lai). In 1915,J.H Cope translated the ‘Mate Lai Siangtho’ (Gospel of St.Mathew) in Kamhau dialect printed by British & Foreign Bible Society,Rangoon and the ‘Zawhang Lai Siangtho’(Gospel of St.John) in Kamhau dialect,1923. These Bibles were the forerunners of the later days Tiddim-Chin Bibles. In 1931,The Sermont on the Mount was published in Pau Cin Hau script with the help of Mrs. Cope and Pu.Thang Cin Kham of Tonzang village. Due to the non-availability of printing technology for this script it could not be fully developed as a means of education in schools. He began to publish a 16 page bulletin called Tedim Thukizakna with the help of local pastors and literates from 1919 till his death in 1938.

About 1920-21,there was a Educational Conference at Falam which agreed to develop the Roman alphabet as a medium of instructions for schools in place of Burmese. The Chin Education Conference at Maymyo was held on 23rd October 1923,wherein the members resolved to prepare school textbooks in Tiddim-Chin language. Consequently,Rev. In 1922, J.H Cope was confered the rank of Honorary Inspector of Schools for the whole of Chin Hills. Hence forth,he was known as Sangmang Pa ‘Master of Schools’. In the year 1925,he organized all the Primary Schools into Tedim Chin Primary Schools.

It is recorded that as told by Rev. Thang Kho Chin of Phaitu village, that when Rev. J.H Cope tried to prepare folktales in the Tedim-Chin Readers he could not satisfactory gather detail accounts of the Zo folktales among the Tedim speaking people of Tedim town,he said that some Tedim speaking elders pointed out to J.H Cope that the Zo people who preserve their customs,traditions and folktales still in tact,should be consulted for the purpose of writing folktales and other stories and so he approached them accordingly. So,he consulted and interviewed Pu.Tuong Za Go of Lomzang village in Tongzang Myuone who knew many folktales and stories,thus many Zo folktales and legends of course, the native Zo language also came to be incorporated into the Tedim-Chin Reader which was later on through several revisions the native Zo language was gradually dropped in place of Tiddim-Chin dialect. By 1925 A.D he prepared the Tiddim-Chin Readers.

In 1931,he translated portions of the New Testament in Tedim dialect. In 1938,he completed the New Testament,Tedim dialect(Lai Siang tho thak Tedim kam).

In 1932,he with the held of his assistant;Sia Vial Nang,the first complete New Testament Bible in the Chin Hills was published by British and Foreign Bible Society(Rangoon) in Kamhau/Tiddim-Chin dialect.

After the British Rulers left India and Burma,the Zo language suffered much disintegration and diversifications in terms of its orthographies specially in N.E India.

With coming of the tribe recognition act in the beginning of 1950s,various speech communities of the Kuki-Chin groups began to adopt their own dialects as the basis of their ethnic differentiation and identities. The Kuki-Chin linguistic world was split up into various ethnic components such as ; Kom, Chothe,Anal,Paite, Simte,Thadou, Zo, Gangte,Vaiphei etc.

We have already seen the growth and develpment of Zo language in Burma through the pioneering works of Rev.J.H Cope,the Zos also benefitted from the point of literature and religion.

Prior to the 1950s, the Zos were staunch believers of their ancient forefathers religion; ancestor worship which I may be called it ‘Lawkism’ in anglicized terminology. In the early 1950s,with the advent and invasion of foreign religion in the form of Christianity, the majority of the Zos were converted into Christian faith some were converted individually,major chunk of population underwent mass conversion resulting in drastic transformations of their social systems,kinship systems,customs,culture,and tribe solidarity. The advent of the new faith and its missionary activities came the western education. Many youngmen became literate and enlightened. In course of time,the newly educated people felt the necessity of having a denomination based on their tribe or community . The Zos of India and Burma were using either the Paite or Tedim Hymn Books and Gospels since the beginnning of the 20th century. Some even used to read the Lushai Bible. They also longed to have hymn books and the Bible in their own mother tongue.

In 1946,some schools were opened among the Zos in South district of Manipur state. The E.C.C missionaries Mssrs.Vungdal,Khamzalian,Thongluon came to preach the gospel among the Zos. Some people were converted to Christianity. However,in those days,there was no organised single Zo Christian denomination amongst them, in fact, they were scattered among various denominations such as E.C.C,E.A.C etc. After few years many Zos left their parent denominations which were under N.E.I.G now known as E.C.C.I.

Some newly educated Zos began to organise the new converts into associations . On 20,February1,1954, they founded a new denomination known as ‘Jou Christian Association’ at Daizang village,South district,Manipur under the Chairmanship of Ngulzakhup. Through their newly established church denomination; ‘Jou Christian Association’ the Zos began to develop their own language and literature in their own mother tongue. The first hymn book called ‘Zomi Christian Labupi’ was printed in 1954(500 copies) compiled and edited by Zomi Theme Committee,Tuaitengphai under the leadership of Pu. Thonghang(T.Tungnung), Pu.Kaizakham(K.Phiemphu) and Pu.Semkhopao (S.K.Samte). They can be given the status of the Pioneers of Zo literature in Manipur(India). The second,third,fourth editions came out in 1956(2,000 copies),1970(3000 copies), 1985( 1000 copies) and 1989(3000 copies;tonic solfa) respectively.

Pu.S.K Samte published the first newspaper known as 'Jougam-Thusuo' in 1954. He used a mixture of Hunterian orthography and the A,B,C....Z system based on phonological features of the then unwritten Zo language,as it is evident from the spellings found in the newspaper1.

In 1956 A.D, (L) Pu. T. Nengkhogin prepared and published a Zo primer known as ‘Jou Simpat Bu2 ’ with the assistance of Pu.S.K Samte. In that he proposed the use of the Roman Script,which is today known as the English Alphabet. Since,he was the pioneer in Zo orthography(reading and writing system) in Manipur he could be given the title of the Father of Zo Literature(Zo Laipa) in Indian context. In 1957, Pu. T.Gougin,Sub. Peter Thangkhokam, Pu.Vummâng and Pu.Jâmkhogin all of them painstakingly collected and compiled the ancient mores,customs and traditions of the Zos from the various chiefs. On 1.12.1957, they published the first ever Jou Customary Law3 book with the patronage of the Zo chiefs. Thus,all of them may be given the titles of the Fathers of Zo Customary Law book.

In 1958,Pu. S.K.Samte prepared 4(four) books they are; Jou Lai Bu Ina,Jou Lai Bu IIna,Tuottung Bu and Jou Hindi Simpat. In 1961,Pu. T.Gougin M.A published a book on Zo people known as ‘A Brief History of Zou’. In 1967,the first New Testament in Zokam was translated and published by Pu.S.K.Samte.

In 1967,Pu.Thangkhanlal prepared 6(six) books on Zo language viz; Zolai Bu Khatna,Zolai Bu Nina,Naupangte Zolai Patna,Learners English Grammar and Hindi Vocabulary. He followed the Hunterian system i.e A,AW,B,CH orthography which is adopted by the Lushai(Mizo) literature and partly of Rev. J.H Cope’s orthography which is still used by the Tedim-Chins and some Zo people in Burma.

Pu. S.Mangsuanthang also prepared some Zo Primer following the same orthography. But the spelling usages employed by the two authors are not same.

In the early 1980s a man named Pu.Siehzathang claimed to have discovered the lost script of Zo language in his dreams!. Later on,UZO accepted it to be the script for Zou vernacular in 1983. But,on detailed analysis it seems to be admixture of Burmese and Bengali script. Of course,the invention of this script shows his creativity of thought and his love of language.This script also needs fine tuning in terms of tones and vowel system.

In 1983,the first complete Holy Bible in Zo (including the first Apocripha translation among the Kuki-Chin group of languages)was released at Good Shepherd Parish, Churachandpur, Manipur.

In 1995,under the aegis of the Bible Society of India, Bangalore, Rev. L.Taithul published the Holy Bible in Zomi minus Apocripha. These two versions of the Holy Bible in Zokam has greatly influenced the literature world of the Zos. The old orthographies of the John H.Cope and James Herbert Lorraine(he followed the Hunterian system developed by Sir William Hunter-author of Imperial Gazetteer,1900) underwent profound changes during the past 27 years of the existence of the Bibles in Zokam/Zoham(Zo language) in India and Burma.

In 2000, the Zou Literature Society, Manipur published books for Cl.IX and X which is studied in the state of Manipur India. The orthography used in these books are mostly based on the Bibles in Zo language but there are lot of double vowels which gives the writings very clumsy looks. Then,the punctuations are filled with hyphens and dashes which again gives the writings uneconomical and cumbersome. The contents of the books are mostly upto the mark.

In 2001, the Zo Baptist Association Hqtrs, Kalaymyo, Myanmar(Burma) published a magazine known as ‘A.D 2000, ZO MAGAZINE’ dated March 2001 which gives a lot of information about the history, language, culture and religions of Zos in Burma.

One notable feature of this book is that it is written according to the orthography followed in the Zo Bibles(1983 and 1995). In this magazine there are proper blends of the old orthography(J.H Cope,Hunterian) and new orthography A,B,C,D,….Z system propounded by Mr. T. Aloysius Nehkhojang B.A,B.Th which also again consists of beautiful blends of the old ones and the new ones. The orthography adopted in this magazine is easy to read but this newest trend in Zo linguistics still requires much more fine tuning and proper refinements for its final adoption as the orthography of Zo language.

In 2006, under the aegis of the Zo Cultural-cum-Literature Society India Mr. Philip Thanglienmang, DANICS,B.E(Civil), M.A(Linguistics) published 5 books the most prominent being; ‘Dictionary of Zo Poetic Words,Metaphors and Similes Vol.I’. After the publication of this dictionary,some of the local leaders and small time writers of Zou vernacular of Churachandpur could not digest this monumental piece of works due to various reasons best known to themselves.

In 2006,the Zou Literature Society Manipur publised two books for Cl.X and XII viz; Chinthu Zaila by ZLSM and Zouham Zahdan by Philip Thanglienmang,DANICS.

In 2006,the Zo Baptist Association,Hqtrs,Myanmar with the help of Bible Society of India,Bangalore published the Zo Lai Siengtho; Zo Bible consisting of the New Testament version with Psalms for their own use in Burma and India.

Bibliographies:

1. J.C.A; JOUGAM-THUSUO Vol.I Douta March 1954 Ist year which is recorded as 10 Feb,1954 by M.G.P/M.E.P in JCA Golden Jubilee Souvenir 2004.

2. Jou simpat Bu; JOUGAM-THUSUO Vol.I Douta March 1954 Ist year

3. Jou Customary Book; Jou Tawndan collected and compiled by Pu.T. Gougin M.A dated 1-12-1957

4. Leivui Panin by Late Rev. Khup Za Go

5. Zou Lai Khantousah dingdan thu(How to develop the Zou Literature) ‘A Seminar Paper presented at the U.Z.O Lamka Block Conference on the 12th Dec 1995 by Nehkhojang B.A.,B.D,B.Ph,Secretary, Literature,U.Z.O Hqs.

6. Zomi Christian Church,Tapidaw-40 (1954-1994) Souvenir editor: David K.Samte

7. Tapidaw Golden Jubilee 2004 sungah "Tawndan leh Tapidaw biehna" by Upa Suonkhanmang Chief of Tangpijol

8. A.D 2000,ZO MAGAZINE dated March 2001,Kalaymyo,Myanmar(Burma)

9. Tapidaw 50 Golden Jubilee 2004

10. What is in a name? Everything is in a name! Thado vs Kuki by Dr.M.S Thirumalai dated 9th Sept,2005.


By Philip Thanglienmang, DANICS, M.A. (Linguistic)

Introduction to Zo Grammar | CHAPTER 3

MORPHOLOGY - New Words are formed two processes:

a)The branch of linguistics that deals with word formation rules is also called Derivational Morphology.

b)NEOLOGISMS: Creation of new words is called Neologisms.

The following are the processes of creation of new words:-

Coined Words: Speakers can invent or coin a previously non-existent word with a new sound and connecting with it with a new member. For example: ‘vangla’ is one word meaning ‘far’ and ‘tongkum’ is another word meaning ‘talk’ both have different meanings if they exist independently,but when they are joined together as one as in ‘vanglatongkum’ it form an entirely new word meaning ‘telephone directory’.

Acronyms: The words UZO (pronounced ‘uZou’) comes from United Zo Organization. RC means Roman Catholic.

Alphabetical Abbreviations: Abbreviations such as ZOD,ZYO,UZO etc have replaced their longer words such as Zo Organization Delhi,Zou Youth Organization,United Zo Organization in most styles of speech; through this process new,previously nonexistent words have come into use.

Clippings: Clipped abbreviations such as Nh for Ngáhnu/Nungáh,Tv or Tg. for Tangvâl are used in Zo .The spelling of the word is shortened but its pronunciation is not altered.

Blends: New words can be formed from existing ones by various blending processes(mixing processes).For examples; zokuom from zo and kuom,zogam from zo and gam.

Generified words: ‘zu’ and ‘tang’ are common words. The early christians who did not drink or abstain(tang) from drinking wine are called zutang in some parts of Zo areas. Now, zutang is used to indicate people who teetotaller/non-drinker.

Proper Nouns: Some behaviour associated with a person becomes identified with that person’s name or actions from legends or famed persons. ‘Penglam bang’ is a phrase to mean a non-serious person.

Borrowings: Direct:Many speakers of a language borrow directly or indirectly the vocubulary of another language.

Zo speakers have borrowed many words from other languages; Belâm,Chanchin,mahni,fel etc from Mizo(Lusei),ironba,dolien from Meitei, Tv,Telephone etc from English,matpongten,tu from Burmese etc.

Borrowings; Indirect: When an expression in one language is translated literally into another language. For examples; train with full steam and fire which runs swiftly as if flying is known as Meilêng in Zo;literally translated means flying fire.

b)Changing the meaning of words are affected by the following processes:

i)Change in part of Speech: A word can be modified by changing its grammatical category. For example; Panpi,bawl,lêng,sim can be used as verbs as well as nouns,adjectives and so on depending upon the syntax.

ii)Metaphorical Extension:

When a language does not seem to have just right expression for certain purposes ,speakers often take an existing one and extend its meaning in a recogizable way. The language does not gain a new word a such,but since a word is being used in a new waay,the language has been augmented,as though a new word had been added.

For examples: lêng---> fly lêng--> roam, visit melmu tongsan--> tv
kângtui tung a lâm piendangnou--> ship, lênna--> aircraft, vânlêng--> airplane, space vehicles

iii)Broadening: Broadening of word meanings from a single to many; neitah-->thing----:>zu
iv)Narrowing: sa-->meat,any solid food at one time now it means edible flesh of animals only.

v)Semantic drift: or change; Hlaf=bread in old English now loaf uh---> vuh, ung--->vung u’v-->vua uh am-->uvam uei-->-ve’i
hang-->ang,hing,hung,hong

vi)Reversals: Kilebul: bad means good

vii)Orthographical influence: Diei--->diai,suoh-->suah

1.CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS BY POSITION

WORD CLASSES:

Like English, in Zo there are four major word classes:- Noun(N),Adjective(A),Verb(V),Postposition(P) and Determiners (D) such as khum,khumi,tua,tuami,tam,tami,a.[ Demonstratives,Conjunctions,Comparatives.]

Parts of speeches

Words also can be classified in two types:

i)Open-class words or Content words: nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs

ii)Closed-class words or Function words;

FUNCTION or GRAMMATICAL WORDS:

Words such as a,ah,in,tua,khum,(of,to,at,by,that) which show relationships between parts of sentence are called Function words. They do not suffer change easily. Let us study the following sentences:

Jesu a nu =The mother of Jesus also shortened as Jesu’ nu.

Vom hâng in Mângpu akeita hi.

Tua Chingnu hing pei dîng ka thei sih hi.

1.Determiners/Demonstratives; a,ta,tam,tami,tua,khum
2.Quantifiers/qualifiers:da,sengseng,taluo,mama,nâh,sim,hiau,
maw,na,lou,sih,
3.Conjunctions: a,in,le,leh,len,leh,kal,zong,ahilouleh,ahisihleh
4.Postpositions:a,ah,in,pat,pat a,toh
5.Auxiliary verbs ;peidîng, nethei,neva,peivang, bawl vawng,
pezou,semzouta,genzouva,vah khava, pei hi

Function words

1.Auxiliary verbs ; peidíng, nethei,neva,peiva'ng,bawl vawng,
pezou,semzouta,genzouva,vahkhava, pei hi.
2.Connectives i/c all pospositions(ah,a,in,pat,toh)
3.Conjunctions/Joiners(in,le,len,leh,kal,jieh/zieh,zong,adgdg)
4.Modifiers called Determiners/Demonstratives(a,khumte,tuate,tami,..a)
5.Qualifiers; ( da,sengseng,taluo,mama,nâh,sim,hiau,maw,na,lou,sih,)
6.Adverbs and Pronouns: ngam,ngâp,mun,hât,heimi,hei-ah.

There are 12(twelve) ways in which words are formed in Zo language viz:-

i)Compounding and Compounds
ii) Interchageablity of member words
iii)Inflections or Inflectional Morphology
iv)Inflections of words by Infixation
v)Inflections of words by functional prefixes: Hing,Ki and Va
viInflections of words by Splitting-cum-Infixing
vii)Derivational Morphology [affixes(prefixes,suffixes,infixes)]
viii)Phonological change or Vowel change
ix)Intonation; tonal variations
x)Functional Shift
xi)Onomatopoecia(sound and meaning are same)

[Zo Cultural Linguistic Sociaty]

Pu Philip Thanglienmang, DANICS

Mângkam Tângthu | History of English language

Roman kumpi khanlet lâi in kum 400 AD huntuom in tu-a Mângkam[English] kamzang mite Europe gam mâllam lahtuom ah akithezâh uhhi. Amahaw’n Kam khat a na zang u’a tuami pên ‘Low German’ kam akichi hi. Nam tuomtuom ahijieh un hâm tuomtuom in ana hâm uhhi. Tua namte min khu Angles,Saxons, leh Jutes te ahi uhhi.

A unpi un Anglo-Saxonte a na kichi uhhi. Romante toh kinâitên ton ahiman un Romante khantouna ana mu masa uhhi.Roman summêtbawlte amahaw lah ah avazinta u’a ava kihal ta uhhi.Romante khantouna la in summêtbawlna khuolzinna sahkhuo biehna jiehin Romante Kam Latin kammal tampi ana zang leng u’a tuachiin amauhte’a a suohsah uhhi.

Etsahna; Latin kam a pat Mângkângte kammal a kawmte uh en vai; Kettle, wine, cheese, butter, cheap, plum, gem,bishop,church chite ahi hi. Kum 500 AD tuomlah in Romante akengiemta uhhi. Gothete in Romante Mediterranean tuipi gei a gamte) asim u’a anuoinet ta uhhi. Anglo-Saxonte’n Britain a simsuh(raid,attack) uhhi.

Britain pên AD 43 apatin Romante khut neiah ana om uhhi. Celt mite a nuoinetzou un Britain gam sungah Roman Uhpi(governor) a koi vuhhi.Tua hun lâiin,Scotland,Wales, leh Ireland gam sungteng ah Celt mite zalên lâi uhhi. British tuikuolgamte lah ah Romante uhna ana pei sih hi.

Khum nam gumte doudâlna dîngin Romante’n kulpi ana lam uhhi.Britain gam pên Roman Kulpi a na kichi hi. Latin kam khu mipite kihoumatna kam(lingua franca) ana kijang tuon sih hi. Zum leh uhna toh kisaina lampang ah Latin kam mai a na kizang let hi. Nâutâng te’n Celtic kam a zang thouthou uhhi. France(Gaul) leh Spain gam sung bangin Latin kam mipite’n ajang uhhi.

Kum zanga(500)AD tuomin Romante in Britain gam sungah buoina tampite ana tuohta uhhi. Nam tuomtuomte’n Britain a’ng simta uhhi. Anglo-Saxon te’n zong suolam tuipi gam asim panta uhhi. Roman uhpina(Empire) sung gamchin ah helna apiengta hi.

Kum 410AD in England gam sungah Roman uhhpina a'ng beita hi.

Kum 600 AD ma in English chi dîng bangma record ana om sih hi.

English kam chithum a khenthei ahi;

a)Old English(Mangkam hâm kunglui) 600-1100 AD

b)Middle English( Mangkam hâm lâi) 1100-1450AD

c)Modern English(Mangkam hâm tha) 1450/1500

Mangkam hâm kunglui(600- 1100AD).

Kum 700 AD Northumbrian kisiemphatna hunlâi in English kunglui a’ng khangtou hi.

La minthang Beowulf khum hunlâi in ana kiphuo a ana kigieldoh ahi.

Tam bân ah Mercia gam lâilungte a’ng khangkhie uhhi.

Kum 800 AD tuomin Wessex-West Saxonte a’ng khanglien uhhi.

Alfred Lunmâng a’ng khangkhie hi. Ama’n siem zilnate ana ngâikhawh mama hi.

Zilna lam a Siempa ana kichi hi.Sânginn tampi ana phutkhie a, tualeh ana tawm hi. Ama’n Latin lâibu tampite English(mangkam) in ana ledoh hi.

Kum 866AD in Norse gâlhângte England suolam gam ah gâlsât dîngin a’ng pemta uhhi.

Alfred in ana doudâl let hi. Wessex lêng Alfred in a na dou gige hi.

Kum 877AD in kilemna suoi khat ana kâi uhhi. Tuami kilemna pan in gamgi ana bawl u’a tumlam Wessex ana kichi a, suolam Danelaw a na kichi hi.

Norsete kam leh English a’ng kihalkhawm simta hi. A kamhâm uh ana kibang sim ve ana hi leh kilawm dânin akithei hi. Norse hâmtengte Mangkam in akawmte ahileh;

Sky,give, law,egg,outlaw,leg,ugly,scant,sly,crawl, scowl,take,thrust,they,their,them leh adangdang tampi om nalâi hi.

Romante huoina neia Latin kamteng a kawmte uh ahileh; cheese,butter,bishop,kettle,angel, candle,priest,martyr, radish, oyster,purple,school, spend leh adangdang ahi.

Mangkam hâm lâi(1100-1450AD)

Kum 1000 apat 1200 kikâl sungin Mangkam kunglui pên Mangkam lâi a’ng suohta hi.

Normante Britain aluota uhhi. Normante ahileh Scandinavia gam apata hing kipandoh uh ahi. Normante toh a’ng kisuhkhawm chiengun Mangkam kunglui pên a’ng kihleng tam mama ta hi. Mangkam leh Normante kamhâm a’ng kihal tam tâh ziehin Mangkam pên a’[ng hâusa mama ta hi.

Kum 1066AD jou in Normante’n France mâllam ah vâihawmna ana tu uhhi.

Amahaw’n French kam ana jang uhhi. Kum 1066 AD in Duke William in Britain ana nuoinetta hi.

Kum tampi Britain ana uhhi. French kamhâm zang Normante pên uhpite leh mângte in ana pang uhhi. Tualeh, French kam pên zumpi kam(official language) ana kijang a; mângte kam, kihâusate kam, miliente kam, lâisiemte kam, in ana kijang hi. Ahivangin, minâutângte’n kihoumatna kam in ana jang sih uhhi. Mangkam pên minâutângte kam ana hi veve hi. Khuchiin,Mangkam pên nampi(national) kam in ana omthei na lâi veve hi.

Normante’n England gam sungah kum tampi vâihawmna ana puo uhhi. Khumjiehin, Mangkam pên nâhpitahin ana kilheng lamdang mama hi. French kamteng nempi ana kawmkawm uhhi. Khumjiehin, Mangkam pên a’ng hâusa mama ta hi. Tunidongin, French kamteng tampite Mangkam in akipom ta hi. Tuni dongin zong French kamham pên kam nina(second language) mun ah pang nalâi hi.

Mangkam in French kamteng a kawmte;

Sahkhuo/biehna toh kisai thutengte; parson, sermon,baptism,inscense,crucifix,religion

Kumpi lam thutengte; parliament,alliance, majesty, treaty, tax,government Nêh-leh-tâh thutengte; veal, beef, mutton,bacon, jelly,peach, lemon, cream,biscuit, Zêmte; blue, scarlet, vermilion Inntên thutengte; curtain,chair,lamp, towel,blanket, parlour, Ki-apmaina thutengte; dance, chess, music, leisure, conversation Lâilam thutengte; story, romance,poet, literary, Pilna lam thutengte; study, logic, grammar, noun, surgeon,anatomy, stomach.

Thuteng maimaite;mice,second,very,age,bucket,gentle,final,fault,flower,
cry,count, sure,move,surprise,plain leh adangdang kum 1100 apat 1500 in ahing luonglut ahi.

Kum 1100 leh 1500 kikâl sungin French kamteng tampi Mangkam sungah ahing kigollutta hi. Ogindân leh hâmdân zong a kiheng tuonsih hi.

Mangkam Hâm tha(1450-1600AD);

Ogingte kihen lamdangna

Kum 1400 leh 1600 kikâl sungin Mangkam ‘Ogingte(vowels)’ pawlkhat ahing kiheng lamdangdohta hi.

Chaucer Mangkam leh Shakespeare Mangkam osuodân(phonetics,sound) a na kibang sih hi. Chaucer in ogingte pandân dungjui in kamtengte alawdân apawtsah a, agingsah hi.

Etsahna tam anei ate kammal ni in a gingsah hi; name,dance,wine,stove,liked Shakespeare hun in oging ‘e’ pên a sipsah a, kammal khat maimai dânin a kigingsah hi.
Chaucer in kamtengte ni in a gingsah hi. Etsahna in ; laughed(laf-fed),seemed(sî-met), stored(sto-red),wine(wi-ne) chite kammal ni(two syllable word) in ana gingsah hi.Shakespeare in ogin khat in ahing gingsah hi. Oging nivei kilou lâi pên ogin khat ahing suoh hi.Tachibangin kamteng atûltûl in ana kilheng sienggawp mai hi. Mangkam kiheng lamdang khat kia ahileh; Ogingte okaidân ahi.

Mangkam hâm lâi( Middle English) hunin etsahna in ‘Name’(na-me) pên tu-a ‘na me,father’ kilawdân in ana kilou hi. Wine pên ‘wîn’ kilawdân in ana kilou hi.

Etsahna in Mangkam sungah thuteng ‘wine’ khu tu-a ‘wean’ kilawdân bangin a na kilou a, chipên ‘bine’ khu tu-a ‘been’ lawdân in na kigingsah zêl hi.

He pên ‘hey’ kilawdânin a na kilou hi. Mouse pên moose dânin in a na kilou hi. Moon pên moan dânin a na kilou hi. Hinanaleh, Mangkam hâm tha hun sungin tambang ogingte telna kamtengte pên a kilawdân ahing tuom deuta hi.

Wine pên ‘wâin’ chi in ahing gingta a, dine pên dâin chiin ahing gingta a, bine pên bâin chiin ahing gingta hi. Mouse pên mâos chiin ahing gingta a, moon pen mûn chiin ahing gingta hi.

Tambang ogingte chinteng zousie telna poupou khu a kilawdân a na kihleng kuol sieng ta hi.

Tamte ziehin Mangkam lâi leh Mangkam hâm tha ahing tuom simta a, a kibang sêng nawnlou in a kithei hi. Ogingte zahdân zong ahing tuom sim ta hi. Okaidân khu tambang okai kamteng tengteng ahing kihlengsah ta hi.

Khum ziehin,Ogingte gindân dîng bangin kamteng tampi ahing gingta sih hi. Ahivangin in French, Italian, ahisihleh Spanish kam a na sim chiengin bine ,wine,dine chite pên Mangkam a mean,seen, been, teen kilawdân in a kigingsah hi; chipên bine khu bîn chi in a kiginsah a, dine khu dîn chiin a kigingsah a, wine khu wîn chiin akiginsah hi.Tambang ogingte okaidân kikhêl lamdang ziehin Mangkam pên ahing tuom deudeu dohta hi.Tam atunga Ogingte chini a kihlen lamdang na ziehin Mangkam lâi leh Mangkam tha a kibahlouna ahing pieng ta hi. Mangkam lâi leh Mangkam tha a kibahlouna atungate I gênte zieh ahi hi.

Mangkam kikhêlna azieh nempi a om lâi hi.

Kum 1500 leh 1800 kikâl sungteng in England gam ah khahlawna 'Rennaissance’ kichi ana tung hi.Mite lungsim leh ngaituona ana khangtou mama hi. Thusimte, Pilnate, ngaituonate, leh tuottheina tuomtuomte a na sâng mama a, kamteng thatha zong tampi na piengkhie hi.

French, Latin, Greek kam apatin kamteng tampite ana kawm uhhi.

Kamteng a na kawmte uh ahileh tam aneite ahi;

Pedestrian, bonus, anatomy, contradict, climax, dictionary, benefit, multiply, exist, paragraph, initiate, scene, inspire, chite na hi hi. Mangkam a lâigiel minthang Pu.William Shakespeare hunlâi in tu-a ‘reason’ chia kigiel pên ‘raisin’ chiin na giel uhhi. ‘Face’ khu tu-a ‘glass’ ogindân in a na gingsah uhhi. Kamteng’ should, would, psalm,palm, sunga tel ‘l’ pên zong a na kilou let hi.

Kum 1611 AD in King James Bible ana kisunkhie hi. Tualâi in, kamteng ‘thou,thee,thy, minsêlte a na kizang let hi.Tu’n zong thungetna leh Bible deitêl dawng ah a kizang na lâi hi. Kamtengte ‘Hath leh ‘doth’ tu-a has leh does china na ahi hi. Dictionary:
Kum 1603 AD in English Mangkam Dictionary masapên ana kisunkhie hi. Tuami sungah kamteng 2500 a om hi.

Samuel Johnson in kum 1755 in Mangkam Dictionay hoijaw leh sâjaw ana sundoh hi.
America ag Noah Webster in kum 1828 in Mangkam Dictionary ana sundoh hi. Oxford Englsih Dictionary volume 12 sutna in kum 75 vingveng alut hi. Lâisiem tampite in ana ngaituo uh ahi. Kumzabi 18 lâi in Latin Grammar ettê in English Grammar ana siemkhie uhhi. Latin model(ettêna) jui in Grammar ana kisiemdoh hi.

Kum 1500 lâiin Mangkam pên mi tawmnou khatte kamzah ana hi hi.Tuikuolgam neunou khat sunga nam khat kam maimai ana hibou hi. Ahi’nlah tunichiengin Mangkam pên billion khat vêl kamzah ahita hi. American English kichi khat a tuomdeu a om a, New Zealand English kichi zong a om a,British English kichi a om a, Indian English kichi zong a om leuleu hi. Tualeh adangdangte zong a om nalâi hi.

Kikawmtuona ahoi ziehin Mangkam pên akhang akhang in akhanglien a, leitung pumpi ah akithêzâhta hi. Tuchiengin Mangkam pên a kihleng sêng nawnkhol ta sih hi. Kamzah tuomtuomte om mananleh Mangkam khu akihawmzâh nawnta sih hi. Kam pên mihing pawlkhatte omdân leh tawndân tângpi a kawmu leh apuo hi. Tawndân kêmbittu khu kamzah ahi.Tângthu-tuonthu leh sahkhuo biehdânte khu Kam in ana kêmbit hi. Kam khu suikhietthei ahia,pilna dangte banga sutthei khenkhietthei tualeh têthei apei dân tângpi khat mukhietthei tual;eh dân bawl thei ahi. Kam zahdân chi tuomtuom a om hi.

Okaidân tuomtuom a o m a, tuate dungjui in kamzahdân akitheithei pan hi. Asâng,angiem,a ul, a toukâi,khiehsuh,tanggên chite a om guol hi.
Etsahna in; Na nasep na jouta’i? Na nasep na jouta’i?
Ka bawl dîng(to do) ka thei sih hi.(-----------)
Ka bawl dîng(to do ) ka thei sihhi.(--)
Kamhâm pilna =linguistic science ;

Kam khatpou khu a piendân leh a kiguoldân ama zie toh a om hi. Atuompouna khat akinei chiet hi. Tami Kamzah sungah midangte kamzah toh kisûn zong tampi a om d^ing hi. Hâmkam kinâite ahi uh leh kamzah khat in ama tuompouna akinei hi.Mangkam leh Zoukam peidân tampi akisûnlou(dissimilar) a om a, a Grammar zong akituoh chet sih a,akibultuo chet thei sih hi. Mangkam Grammar khu Zo Grammar toh ataw-alu kituoh lien in a kibul thei sih hi.

Kam khat khu buching I chi leh tam anei hinate a nei ngâi hi. Tam atunga hinate toh I gêlkhawm uh English kam pên a dumdal mama a, kihleng thimthem anep-anawi tam mama a, khuziehin Mangkam Grammar pên buchinglou(not systematic,unscientific,incomplete) in a kimukhie hi.

Traditional Grammar Tângthu

English Grammar khu Rennaissance(khahlawna) hun lâi a ana piengkhie ahi.Middle Age mailing apat Khahlawna hun kipat lam in Europe gam ah Kamhâm(diaclect) tuomtuomte ahing khangkhie hi.Tuate khu lâigielna leh tângthu tuomtuomte ah ana kimang let hi. Itlay gam ah Dante in lâi tampi ana gieldoh hi. England gam ah Chaucer in lâibu tampi ana giel hi. Latin kam pan Grammar simna in ana zang uhhi. Tuachiin English Grammar masapên Pu. Ben Johnson in ana gieldoh hi. Pu. Ben Johnson simlou English Grammarian adangte zong Latin kam ana zil u’a ana siem chiet uhhi.Greek kam zong ana thei uhhi. Khujiehin a neulâi u’a pat in Latin kam ana zil u’a tualeh amaute kamhâm sângin ana nâh ngâisângjaw uhhi.

Khujiehin Latin Grammar pên kamhâm khat sânga lienjaw(superior) leh sângjaw(higher) in ana tuot uhhi.

Khahlawna hunlâiin ahisihleh kum 1700 lâi tuom in mihing lâisiem khat photphot in Latin kam in degree(dikri) ana la hi. Latin kam ana hâzah uhhi. Akihoutuona un ana zang uhhi.

Dr.Samuel Johnson in Latin kam a dikri ana lâh lou vângin Latin leh Greek kum thum(3) ana zil suoh a, Latin leh Greek kam in Late(poems) tampite ana phuo hi.

Khujiehin tua lâisiemte’n Latin Grammar khu etton(norm) in ana mang u’a ana zang u’a English Grammar zong Latin Grammar toh kizawitawn in apeidân tângpi khat Latin kam toh ana têhkâh u’a nan bultuo uhhi. Latin et dungjuiin English Grammar ana sutuo toutou uhhi. Akibahna,akisutna,akibultuo theina leh akilemtuonate ana enkhie u’a tuachiin Traditional English Grammar ana siemdoh u’a ana piengsah uhhi.Tam khu ahileh kum 1600 leh 1700 hunlâi ana hihi.

Mangkam leh Latin pên Indo-European kam innkuon khat ahimanin akibahnate nempi a om veve hi.

Ahivangin, Latin Grammar etton a kinei jiehin kamteng tampi in kikhêlna(change) ana nei hi.

Tua zieha lâisiem pawlkhatte’n tuabanga kamtengte kikhêlnate apona mama u’a- kampâu kiemsuhna(degradation) in ana tuot uhhi.Indo-European kam innkuon (language family) lah a Arab, Hebrewte kam chilou in zong kam dangdante’n zong Grammar kamteng thuteng kammal thumal guoldân akinei chiet uhhi.
Tone-language(osuokam)

Suolam gam ah(oriental) leh North America ah osuokam azang uhhi. Kamteng kikhâikhawm Africa gam ah a om hi.Tambang kam zangte’n English Grammar toh kituohtah in Grammar anei khol sih uhhi. Zokam zong tam osuokam lah a tel khat veve ahi.

Khum zieha Grammar siemte’n Universal Grammar ahisihleh Grammar dihpên kichi leitung mihing kamhâm zangte lah ah a om sih hi achi uhhi. Kam suikhietna dîngin hâmmawl(primitive language) khat sunga lâigieldân a thei sih hi. Khujieha kamzilte’n hâmmawl sunga apatin a theikhiet thei tampi a mukhie uhhi. Kamhâm pên hâm khat apata ahing piengkhie ahi. Kam khat a kikhêlnate zong kamhâm apat hing kipan ahi.


[http://zoculsin.blogspot.com]

TULAI LAMKA TE KI DAWT DI

Lealyan Thawmte

Mautaam. Gilkial. Neek di neilou. Panpih di tu nei leh omlou, heute leh sorkart nasem taktak omlou. Pawlpi taamlou in panla uh. Lah, hak lua chih omlou - a hun tak a, a sem chih theih le omsam lou. Khut tal ki kawk taktak ngam le ki omlou. A damlai leh neek di tasam loute a ding in puakgik zang.

A khosa lialiai leh nekdi tasam te..a aw uh hul ta. Gilkial leh nek di taaksap ziaka a sii zen theih tunitan omkei mahleh. Hong om thei. Siihna, hiai khovel a mihing te i khualzin tawpna - gilkial leh neek di neih louh ziaka tuah di pen thil ngaihngam huailou ahi. I gaal te iit dia sinsak a i omlai ua, i mii leh saate bangjiaka, iit theilou lai lai ihiam chih bel hon siam tu kia in thei.

Awle, hiai thumasa hi - i gam ua 'mautaam' tung lel lel tawh kisai a simtute lungsim kahon deng khak leh kachihman ahi a. Adiakin Lamka a i Contractor te, Sumdawng mi hausa taktak te, Sum bat a hawmte leh a Crore a sim neite. I heutu te, i pawlpi makaai te. I MLA leh Minister hausa taktak te ka hon chouna ahi. Hilele, hiaii i gam in kialna a tuah tawh kizawm hetlou, na pan lak louhna te uh le gelhtheih dia diknaa leh theihna neilou - lah siihna tawh kisai thou..ahihkeh, hilou hia..?? thu hon gelh geet di kahi.

Sih leh manna i tuah un, adiakin, i gam uah..chile..Lamka, Imphal lak bang - sungkuan, tanau, beh, leh phung kialou , i kiim i kiang leh khotaang te honthuakpih leh suunpih/panpihnate, akua akua in kipoimoh chiat din ka ging a - hihle himah ahi. Adiak in a siiluang vuini leh ding bang in. A sii Paa/Nuu vuuikhit ahih chiangin chu, bangtan hiam in a innkuan/suungte adin zangkhai na khat om in kathei a - huaizawh inchu - a innsung/kuan leh a thuaktuute deih, nget ahihkeh, poimoh daan in i pawlpi YPA/Saptuam etc, kialou in i Zo suan pih te un leng programme: lenkhawm, zaan giah chihte bang zang le.

Aziakchu, pawlpi in in va hih/huh louh zong - a misi inkuan/suung ten, a u leh naute, tanau, beh leh phung leh lawm leh vual - a kithuahpih di leh panpih di bang omkha thei ding un. Meltheihlouh, nungak/ tangval te saang mah bangin, (tlawmngai tawk mahle uh) meltheih, kinaihpih, sungkuan, tanau, lawm leh vual te tawh hun haksa thuak khawm hi khamuan huaizawding in ka ging hi. Hilele, huchibang dinmun a ding lou ahih uh leh bel, pawlpi/saptuam in theihtawp suah a ikithuahpih ding mah ahi. Huai hi pawlpi/saptuam nasep di mah ahih jiakin.

Huaichiah, tulai khovel dinmun et in - hantawh thu bang ah - Lamka lak bang
(tehkhinna in) Haanmual Committee bang om leh sum bang kidawng zelzel thou ahihmanin, gravedigger ichi di hia, 'undertaker' - haan toutu 'post' bang bawl in, mi 3/4 ahihkeh huai sang a tamzaw bang le, mi 2-3-4 bang nikhat a, a sih ua vuii angaih leh, ad-hoc, hourly a guaih theih, a man leh hun awl neite kilawhtheih nadi uh 'provision' - sum lawh theihna di khat bang bawl zaw le? I school naupangte, a YPA hi aw, YMA, HYA ten, a tlawmngai kei uh chihna hilou, a school kai uh leh a laisimte uh suk buai louh na ding in.

Hiai hi, enchian le..feet 3x7 a thuuk haan tawh nadia, mi 3/4 in dakkar 1 leh 2 a zou di uh ahi, awlsam tak a. Siingpii le va piak ngailou, lawh nei a sem di ahih chiang ua. Huaichiah, haan tawh na mun a, 'school' ahihkeh 'college' a laisin di poimohte le thrulh ngai lou, nungak tangval va ki pawlh khom na maimai dia le zang lou in. A poimoh pen, a haan hun tak a, a misii pa/nu vuui hunma a zawh i deih kha hi pen in..chi aw. Hiai hi Lamka Haanmual Committee ten, i khua hong let sem sem leh, i mipii te khantouh daan dungzuii a, tulai khovel tawh kituak deuh dia thil na geel uh hun lawta ahi. A tlawmngai a kipe uut a, hun awl neiten i va panpih keidi chihna hilou.


Huaichiah, lenkhawm/lasak khawm ichih pen nuam mahmah in Christmas/Kumthak leh moulawp/thil lawp na khong bang ah. Ahih jiakin sihna tawh kisai ahih chiangin, a inn/sungkuan leh a thuak/tuaktute bang - ni bangzah, kaal bangzah ihmu lou, ann ne mumal lou a ana thuak ta uh hiam chihte bang, a sum leh pai dinmun, a inn ngei uh let leh neu daante, 'case-2-case' a en in, i thuakpihnate ziak a haksat/buaina leh 'stress' i tun zawk khak di bang, pawlpi ahih louh zawngin, mimal chiat in thei le, masawn na khat hiding in leh, i tlawmngaikei in i thuakpih kei chihna hi kherkher lou ding in ka ging hi.

Kum ta lak lawh: Damlou veh thu ah tampi te ngaihdan bang in, a damlou ngeilou ngen i bang sim mawk uh hi. Ka Pa Dr. T. Ginkam, in le a damlai'n ana gengen sek ahi. Damlou lupna tung tuah khak pan ka theih chu, i damlouh taktak leh, i sungkuan te lou kuamah ki mu peih khollou in, i lupna kiang khong a hong tu khom hehu, kihou sup sup, khenchiang bang thumna khong hong nei theithup uh etc. chianga a zaw. Kate! Khenkhat zan daak 11&12 tantan tu uut pawl bang ki om zawmah. A damlou pa/nu siih ngaak hi awmtak a. Tawl leh gim mahmah a, a damloupa/nu ihmut suak lawtel eive...

Ahi a, damlou i veh un, poi i sak leh i thuakpih a, a hong damsuah pah(uh)i lam et ziak uh himah ahi. Hilele, eilak ah chu, a damlou pa/nu..kha khual masakna omkhollou in leh, 'keeping up appearances' ichidiam 'societal norms' ahih keh 'networking' dan bang zawsim ahihkeh - 'huaipa/nu ka va veh a/ua, huaini in, zaan daak huaitan kava tuu ua'..chihte khong a khonung a puansilh dia i zat sang un - tomchik in a damlou pa/nu, a nat naate uh leh a din munte uh thei in - cárd, paak, hasawtna thu tamlou, ahihkeh a suungte kiang sum leh pai, neek leh taak hospital a kimulou, damdawi mandi etc. te pia ahihkeh, hihtheih/septheih a omleh chi in i Nokia number te bang a suungte kiang hiam aw, a tanau laina te kiang nusia hiau in....

... a damloupa/nu chu, a enkawltu Doctor leh Nurse te khut a koih in- i vei/thuakpihna te, i lup dek kuan a tunglam ngiim a iki thuum chiang bang un, a 'subject' ahihlouh zawngin, PS: tou zel zaw le.

Ngaihdan hi geet in... leh a tulai dinmun deuh, leh khopi hita - Lamka..Imphal a om leh khosa te chiin/theih dia deithusam deuh a muh/ngaihdaan ahi a. Singtang gam leh khaw neu chikchik te ah bel dinmun kibang khollou ding kia lou - ka thu gelh in omzia nei khollou ding in, huai khuate a i chiin ua, i hih di uh ahi kachih na le hilou ahi.


www.zogam.com

Freedom of press under the Constitution of India

By Jagat Konthoujam

In a democratic country, the importance of press is so great. The success of democracy depends upon free, fair, honest and independent press.

In keeping with the spirit of the universal declaration of human rights of 1948, the preamble of the Constitution embodies a solemn resolve of its people to secure, inter alia, to its citizens, liberty of thought and expression. In pursuance of this supreme objective Art. 19(1) (a) guarantees to the citizens, the right to ‘Freedom of Speech and the Expression’ as one of the Fundamental Rights listed in part III of the Constitution. The Right of Freedom of Speech and Expression covers freedom of press. The Constitution of India omits to mention freedom of press specifically in the guarantee of the Fundamental Rights. The ommission of reference to the liberty of the press was merely due to the fact that express mention of the liberty of press was considered unnecessary.

In other words, Freedom of Speech and Expression carries with it, the right to publish and circulate or propagate one’s views, opinions and ideas with complete freedom and by resorting to any available means of publication subject again to such restrictions can be legitimately imposed under Art 19(2). In a democratic form of Government itself demands its citizens an active and intelligent participation in the affairs of the society. So, the Freedom of Press is regarded as a species of which the Freedom of Expression is genus.

The Constitution of India does not expressly provide the freedom of press but it was held by the Supreme Court in Brij Bhusan Vs The State of Delhi, that this freedom is included in “Freedom of Speech and Expression’. The Freedom of Press is “the mother of all other liberties” in a democratic society. Freedom of Press has always been a cherished right in all democratic countries. Therefore, it has been rightly described as the fourth Estate. The democratic credentials of a state are judged today by the extent of freedom of press enjoyed in the State.

The freedom of speech and press are the same,- involve the same legal principles and the same public interest. The press in its historic connotation comprehends every sort of publication. The liberty of press is not confined to newspapers and periodicals. It necessarily embrances handbills and literature such as pamphlets and leaflets in the dissemination of opinion. The Freedom of Speech and Expression is exercisable so far the restriction is imposed by law. If any state action sets up barriers to such person, it would be violative of Art. 19(1)(a) of the Constitution.

No doubt the Freedom of the Press, if wholly free from restrictions would amount to uncontrolled licence leading to disorder and anarchy and it would be hazardous to ignore the vital importance of our social and national interest in public order. As stated above, the Freedom of Speech and Expression enshrined in Art. 19(1)(a) are not given in absolute terms but are subject to certain well-laid down restrictions. Clause (2) to Art 19 deals with limitations placed on Art 19 (1)(a), namely, on the Freedom of Speech and Expression. It contemplates restrictions on account of:-

1. Public order;

2. Decency or morality;

3. Contempt of court ;

4. Defamation;

5. Incitement to an offence and others.

The Supreme Court of India held that the rights conferred under Art 19(I) (a) of the Constitution of India is the natural law and common law rights and not created by a statute. In the case of State of West Bengal V. Suboth Gopal, while dealing with the scope of Art. 19(1)(a) of Constitution, the Supreme Court held that the right is great and basic right which is recognised and guaranteed as the natural right and inherent in the status of a citizen. Further, while the Supreme court dealing with the question as to how far the above rights can be exercised in DFO V. Biswanath Tea company, held that possession and enjoyment of such rights are subject to reasonable restrictions and conditions.

As such control is necessary and essential to the safety, health, peace, general order and morale of the community. In a free and democratic society, a citizen has right to say what he or she wishes, what is reasonable restriction or whether such a restriction abuses fundamental right, it is the duty of the court to decide and the executive cannot interfere without the sanction of law authorising such act or interference.

The duty of press is to collect information and inform the same to the public clearly. And in a democratic country, the Freedom of Press is very important for successful democracy and without which there would be no democracy. The Freedom of Press is the natural and inherent right in the status of the people and as such the same is recognised as fundamental right under part III of the Constitution of India.

So, the importance of press in a democratic set up can neither be minimised nor curtained as the Freedom of Press is the basic and fundamental of the democratic form of Government. If any of the executive action restricts the Freedom of Press, the same is against the nation and violates the Fundamental Rights of the citizens who are in a democratic country. And any form of denial is the deprivation of citizen’s fundamental right of the Freedom of Speech and Expression.

However, it is surprising to know that the armed forces and the State police personnel who are working for the people to protect the rights of the citizens are, at times, restraining the press reporters, journalist- collecting information in the area where combing operation or firing is going on by threatening the newspersons such action of the armed forces and the state police personnel who are working for the people under the Constitution of India is quite illegal and unconstitutional and itself is against the nation.

It is certainly a serious encroachment on the valuable and cherished right to the freedom of speech and expression. It is also important to highlight that the armed forces and the state police personnel have to execute and not to violate the right and liberties enshrined in the Constitution of India. If the armed forces and the state police personnel are invading against such right and liberties of the citizens, the action will be against the democracy and the nation.


Source: The Sangai Express

KEN KA GELH KEH..KUAN GELH DI

Lealyan Thawmte

Mi khenkhatte adia thil lungluut huai khollou,(hetlou le himaithei) lah khenkhatte vei mahmah lah kup ngamlouh, bang hikhathei thu hon gelh mawk leng. Tuni tan a hiaithu ka sim uut bang a gelh i lak ua i om nailouh ziakun, a thei pen hizen zen lou. A gelh ngam di dang omlou a ka theih man hi zaw hi. Sau sim dendon di in - himahleh a simpeih ten, i phattuam pih ua,navaakna khat a i neih theih uh ka lamen hi. Hiai hi hun paisa a SSPPNet kichi - mun tuam tuam a om Paite miite kaki hou sekna u a - a kana thu kup, tu a zogam.com simtute leh ana teikhe sawn di LAMKA POST te adia, ka hon suah nawn ahi.

Khamtheih no.4 i chihmai, hiv/aids, ahihkeh zuu, nawhchizuak, guktak/laktak etc. chihte khong thu bang gen/gelh lat ahih chiangin a tamzawten kikum nuam lou mawk hi. A huai ziak tak a, hiaithu te hon gelh chiit chiat ding kahi. Khamtheih hihlou, natna neilou, nawhchi zuak leh leilou, mahni kimuh daan a gu lou - siangthou lua. Pathian thu awi, thohlawm, sawm a khat thoh leh Pathiani biakin kaai thrulh loute hi ikisak jiak khong uh hikha ding hi.

Nampih, mii leh saa, i Zo pih (ichi hia) unaute, gam leh lei iit leh Christian lutuk ten bangchin no.4, hiv/aids, nawhchizuak chih thute khong i kum thei mawk dia. Chi

aw? Michih in Pathian thu chile, Jesu thuchah..ahihkeh Bible i sim pan ki thei vek kisa? A theichiang taktak bel ki tawm mahmah . Huai tawh ki tawn a, i politics leh gindan/pomdann leh i khotaang/khovel muh daan te kibang khollou di ahihchiangin, kimawh sakluat theih le hilou hi. I hai daan uh tuam chiat. I pil dan un bel mi tamtak kipha nai teuh lou.

Himahleh, aleh lamah ichi hia, a et didan takin enta leng, adiak in Lamka leh a sehvel, Manipur sung banga ana khosa/khanglian khadiak - mi tamtak, hiai zogam.com simtu te kia lou, ahihkeh a tamzawte, hiai khamtheih no.4 a thei kha lou leh a guu thuak kha lou - chih in - mahni suungte, ahih keh, beh leh phung, lawm leh vual ahihkeh theih ngei - ana kinamnoih kha lou, chiing leh sih pih leh adng.adng. - i om uh ka ging kei hi. I awm zenzen un chu thil 'MAK' petmah hi ding in -kuahiam chih dan leh ...'Halleluiah' bang chih uut huai ding hi.


Hiai thuute I gen in i kum uut kei mai ua ahizaw. Daai dide leng amah bei a hong bei

maidi ade aw, bang chih khak chaang omthei mawk hi. Chih le na chih mah uh. Ken kachih louh na sawt ta.

Bei lou di.

Lamka zaang leh a sehvel a no.4( heroin) hong luut kum 1982... apan tunitan in no.4 hihjiak,leh a natna tunsawn vei a si, nungak leh tangval - i 'Zo' suan pih - leh zingchiang leh i mabaan a makai suanhuai taktak theidi 1000 val tham bang sita ding uhi. Lehkhasiam thei, talent nei, navaak, pil leh thei mahmah te bang hi naknak zawmah uhi. Tulel in sih ngak lel lel 100 bangzah hiam omding in: Lamka a Shalom te ahihkeh, Delhi a Sahara leh District Jail ahte a om uh ka ging . Mabaan kum 5-10 sung a si di, a 1000 tel in omdi uh chile, khial khollou ding in ka um hi. 100 bangzah hiam, ahihkeh 1000 khat leh nih bang tamlua bangkei mahleh - eimi te 'population' pumpi tawh i etkhawm chiangin tawm hetlou hi.

I gam uah, tuni chiang, NGO tuamtuam leh khovel theihpih Medicins Sans Frontiers te hong luut un, ahihkeh sorkar pan hiai natna hiik ana paikha te adia a poimoh uh ARV damdawi muh theih in om bang mah leh. Mii teng in mu lou hikha ding uh hi. Muu hileh uh, puul puul lou ding uh hi. Shalom te bang in pan nasa mahmah in la uh. Hilele, a sih pih tawm tuan lou mawk. India a hiai natna hik paaite adia damdawi kiman tak leh niteng a Rs.25/- lel nuai a lei theih hita. Hilou maw? Awle, a masa sung thu ah luut ni.


...hiai khotaang natna, adiakin khamtheih leh thilchiin hoihlou i zawngsat te hi, dou leh khap haksa mahmah in. Khovel a sorkar haat leh hausa pen in le a dou zawh louh uh ahi. A navaak leh khovel thu sim leh thei ten America in 9/11 zawh a 'War on Terror' achih dan deuh khat un, 1960's bul lai in 'War on Drugs' ana sual uh hi. Zou lou uh. Eite zawh di chu..'kahase' himai. Hiai gaal hi, I damsung kialou, i sihnung a le beiloudi thilte hita ahi. Ahihjiakin, dou zawhloudi, sualzawh louhdi bang dou/sual se ngaikei - chih sang bangin - bang chin khotaang in dou in sual le, hiai thil deih huai hetlou te apanin i khangnou leh i khangthak/khanglai te i humbit theidia chih i makait/heutute te kia louin, saptuam, pawlpi leh adiakin Nu leh Pa, sungkuan chih in i ngaihtuah thakthak a, pan i laak uh poimoh petmah hi.

Adiak bang in no.4 leh akizop pih mahmah a imuh leh itheih hiv/aids thute bang i/a naupan/tleirawl apan in/un theihsak sawm ni in. 1986 a, hiai nat na hik (virus), India a Tamil Nadu gam a nawhchi zuak te pan musuah a om leh Tamil te, Moreh a tam mahmah te hon puak luut uh hikha ahi diam? A thei uut ki omlou. Dawt le ki dawt tum lou. I gaal te theih ding ahi. Hiai thuute, Nu leh Pa te bang in naute/taate tawh kupkhawm bang zumhuai a ngai louin, sinna leh theihna hilhsawn daan a i ngaihdi ahi. Huchi mahbangin, heutute, makaaite, hi in, pawlpi leh saptuam a makaite bang - hiai thu khong ah hong navaak mahmah le uh deih huai hi.

Hiv/aids bang ichih chiang in, genlouhdi (taboo), thil kih huai, lau leh zumhuai

bangin tampiten i ngai lailai mawk uhi. A hiv/aids banga chih thei le hituan lou in..lauh a lau mawk! I theihlouh jiak uh ahi chile khial hetlou ding hi. Huaijiakin, hiauithute i thei naikei hiam, I kumkha ngei naikei ahih inchu, theih tum ni in, pan ni - zekaai lua chih omlou. no.4 leh hiv/aids in hon nuse mai louding ahihmanin. A diakin, i gam ah.

Hiv = human immunodeficiency virus. Aids = acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Eipau in gen ta leng hiv = michih pianpih mahni taksa sung a natna dou theihna ke niam/tasam saktu nat na hik khat ahi. Etsak na di'n: Teh khin na in, innkhang pa Vok nou nava gawh na uah, tem in na khut tal na va ki aat kha a. Thuuk sim, sii hong pawt. Na tuam pah hi. Doctor le va ki etsak ngailou, damdawi na nek louh zawng..amah in hong dam in hong hul mai hi. Hiai hong dam san hi, hi sappau a - na 'immune system' ten hoih tak a na asep jiak uh ahi.

Aids = huai i taksa sung a natna..tehkhinna in 'bacteria', ahih keh 'virus' khen khat - hitaang, khuh mahni leh mahni a i taksa sung a i neih, ana doudite, negai leh su haat lou natna hik, i taksa a laak luut a ahong omchia, huai natna hik (virus) that thei di khovel a damdawi omnailou ahih chiah - mihing ten natna hou chik chik bang sihpih thei uh hi. Hitaang, khosik baakah - TB bang, meningitis, pneumonia bang in. Hiai natna te pen, i taaksa sung a mahni leh mahni a ana dou dia i pianpih -'immune system' nei hoih ten, damdawi panpih na tawh dampih uh. Hilele, hiv natna hiik ana paaikha ten, hiai natna te sual zou nawnlou un..sihpih sek hizw uh hi.

Chiangzaw deuh leh hiai natna, a thupi kei chihna hilou, i theihsiam na sem ding un. A tehkaakna ding leh hiv/aids bang hia chih i theih na ding un. Doctor hikei mah leng, ka hon ensak di. Lehkhazial(laizial) tep ziak in lung cancer bangin sihthei a. I dummuam muam te ziak ua si bangzah i na omta uale? Neek leh dawn kisum/deek louh ziakin diabetes (zunkhum) bang vei theih a. Khaini, buuk teep te chiin ziakin ´throat cancer' chihte bang omthei a. Neek lim luat ziakin leh kisuum louhziakin high blood pressure/ heart attack te chih kia louh, sunglam natna, ulcer te khong bang in sih thei - tampi ten hon sih santa uh hilou maw?

Hunlou takin.


Zu dawn tam luat ziakin sin natna(cirrhossis etc.) bang in sihtheih a. Pasal/numei kipawlhna sianglou ziak a natna lauhuai tuah thei zawng tampi omhi. Hepatitis

a-b-c leh syphilis, gonorrhea, chihte bang etsakna di'n. Anti-biotics a suk dam theih himahleh. Doctor ten kha hon na kalh lou in, ka gelh tum tak hon na muhpih zaw un.

Hiai etsakna tamlou natna te hi etkol haksa in, a veikha tamzawte, hoihtak a etkawl ahih louh unchu, sih pih naknak uhi. Khenchiah, genthei leh nathuak ek nung in. En chet chet lechin, hiai natna te tawh -hiv/aids akidanglam na omhet lou hi. A houthei pen a gen in, saap ten 'lifestyle disease' ( hindan natna) achih uh hivek hi. Ahihjiakin, tuchiang bangin khovel mun leh gam tamtak a hiv/aids nei leh paaite'n sihpih nawnlou thepthup uhi. Eigam leh eimite tenna mun ah bel tuni tan in ki etkol na kialou, a damdoi bang le muh/lei haksa lai mahmah bangin in - hiai thu - 'basic human rights issue' himahleh - makaite hi'n, pawlpi, saptuam a ngaipoimoh kuamah ki omtadih lou bang hi.

Aleh lamah, a tung a natna tamlou i gen/etsak te vei a sippih bel khawl/tawp louhi. Khovel ah. Cancer bang, etsakna din. no.4 a kaapziak, a nawhchizuak jiaka hiv/aids vei ahi uh, chih ngaihdan nei veuvau a poi ngaihlou a i omkhak unchu mi hehpihhuai tawp hiding ihi uh. I gam din mun, om na leh Myanmar(Golden Triangle) tawh i kinaih leh - gamgi kizawp jiakia- thuak kha lua hikha ding ihi chih le i theih uh ngai in. Hiai theihna tawh ki tawn a, i kiim i kiang a politics ahihkeh gamnuai panlaak naa leh a ziakte bangle theih i tup di uh ahi. no.4 a sumdawng te hi, gamnuai mi ichih te khong hisek uh ahi.


Khotaang te theih dia poimoh kasak khat. Etsakna di leh et kiikna din -America a hiai natna 'hiv/aids' - pasal 'homosexual' te lak a, ahon muhsuah tung lai un..1981-2 lak vel in..Pathian thu awi kichi tamtak ten, aki pawlhdan uh a sianthou louh leh Pathian deihdan ahihlouh jiaka gawtna ahi chi in taangkoupih uh hi. Ahihjiakin, huai hun lai mah in - numei lam a 'homosexual' veve, 'lesbian' kichi te lakah mikhat le si lou in, a natna vei/kaai nangawn omlou uhi. Hiaibang theihsualna(misconception) ahihkeh gintaak na(assumptions) i na neih khak tei unchu.. i nawlkhin uh ngai leh hun ta ahi.


Hiai khotaang thuguuk leh thu kup ngam louh hi i kikup uh leh kidawt tuah hun lawta a hi. Ikim i kiang leh i khotaang a thiltung leh omte i theihsiam a poimoh dan gen uut ziak leh, mi gen leh kup ngam louhte gen leh kum ngam dia i kalte uh i suan ding uh ahi. no.4 chiin a hoih chihna hi lou leh no.4 mahmah dou a i dou tintendi chihna le hisamlou hi. Sual leh doudi tampite lak a khat lel ahi. Poi kasak chu, hiai khamtheih lauhuai leh sihna tuntu, i khangthak/tuailai te manthatna, tagah siamtu, neih leh lam lamangtu - i huamsung a, kumdang leh nidang teng saang banga, zaalen tak a zuak leh chiin a om, kuamah in poi leh khawk le salou i bat mawk uh pen in, ei mabaan hilou a, i ta leh suan te mabaan di kialou i gam adia mangthat na hon tun tu hidi ahi.

Nihna di in, chile a khatna ka gelh lam le ka thei kei. Kum 10+ vaal paita, khatvei lai in, Lamka a hiv/aids theih a, a hong om tung lai in, Mualveng/Chapel Lane lak (Paite te omna mun)a omten hiv/aids a sii a omleh.... gaal louh, phuum louh, ngaihsak louhdi bang chikha un ka thei hi - hun khat lai. A nuai a ka hon gelhdi hon na simpih lai un. Lamka khawsung a hiai natna a si masa pen ka na thei ta geet thep thup hi. 1990 kumbul ahi. Khotaang hi aw, kuamah in a theih uh kaging kei. Lamka a sem Doctor khat kia in a theih ka ging. A min gelh kei ni. Hilele, mi khat sih leh hon omlouhna san te bang i theih louh bang uh hoihzaw ana hikha ding hi.


California..America ah 1983-4-5 ..a kum chiah ka theih nawn kei.. in, kho lian lawlou khat ah, 'homosexual' khat in, jail a va tan na pan hiv nei/paai ahi chih a theih un, a khua a omten..'phaak' bang a en un, 'swimming pool' a ava kisil di taan pha khaam un - amah kialou, a sungkuan pihte nangawn kuamah in hou uut lou in leh - nawlkhin in om uhi. Phaak bang mai in khotaang in nawlkhiin uh a- a natna hiik paai kha pa kialou, a inkuan pihte tan in haksat na tampi tuak uh hi. Hiai thu theih a ahong om in, Oprah Winfrey in a taangthu thei kha in... kum 15 nunga, a khomiiten, huai hun lai a a etdan, a ngaihdan te uh 'programme' khat a akikup thu uh ka en kha hi.

A khomii te a houpih leh dawtna ah, a kisiik thu uleh, poi asak dan te uh gen un..' Ki thei lou ahih chianga..' chi uh hi. Theilou. Thei hi leh uh...

Hilele tu in, eiten theita ni. Hiai a nuai a thu tamlou..Paite pau in hon let leng..daa zou vek di ahih chiah..a sim thei chiang in i theihsiam uh kaging.



'You keep watching from your picket fence,

You keep talking- but it makes no sense.

You say we're not responsible, but we are, we are.



You wash your hands, you come out clean,

But you fail to recognise, the enemy is within.

You say we're not responsible, but we are, we are.



WE ARE...'

(excerpts from the lyrics 'WE ARE'- Anna Johnsson- SPIDERMAN-2 OST)

..hiai thupi hi sutzawp tup ahi...


www.zogam.com

Manipur Express | Jan 13, 2007

SSPP Diamond Jubilee Grand Finale

Lamka, Dec 12: Siamsinpawlpi Diamond Jubilee Grand Finale Count Down Program tuni in thupitak in Churachandpur Government College ah zang uh a, huai ah Chief Guest dia Chial T Phungzathang Minister hoh theikei mah leh aman pawlpi panpihna ding in Rs 50,000 khak hi. Guest of Honour Sumant Singh IAS DC/CCpur in agenna ah, HIV/AIDS toh kisai in pan lak taktak ngaita ahihdan gen in, Rehabillation Building bawlna dia panla ding ahihdan gen hi. Hiai hun ah Chief Host in Rev Vung D Tombing SSPP Patron pang hi. Siamsinpawlpi Life Member te’n Dakpi (Gong) 60 vei tum na nei uhi.

Grace Donnemching in Ph. D ngahthak

Lamka, Dec 12: Miss Grace Donnemching D/o (L) Thangkhanpau Guite of New Delhi in zanzek in Jawaharal Nehru University, Delhi apan in " Marriage rituals among the Paite and Meitei" chih thesis tungtawn in Doctor of Philosophy Degree ngah hi. Dr Grace Donnemching Guite ahihleh, tulel in Delhi Univeristy ah Lecturer hi a, tua banah, Siamsinpawlpi Delhi Joint Headquarters ah President hihna lenlel hi.


NCYCF Sports Meet leh Youth Day zatna om

Lamka, Dec 12: Tuibuang Peace Ground ah tuni in NCYCF Sports Meet 5 veina leh Natinal Youth Day zatna om a, huai ah N Biren Singh YAS/IFCD Minister in Chief Guest hihna toh uap in, TN Haokip Minister PHED in Functional President hihna len hi. Chief Guest in athugenna ah, Kimawlmite’n gamsung su minthang ahihdan gen kawm in, tuailaite’n kimawlna hah bawl ding in hanthawn a, tuabanah, NLCPR Fund tungtawn in Rs 18 Cr bei in Tuibuang ah Full Set Sports Complex bawl hiding in gen hi. Aman agenbehna ah, helpawlte’n leng kimawlna tungtawn a lampi dik tawn chiat ding in ngen a, Churachandpur- Sugnu-Chandel Road State highway a bawl hiding in gen hi. Tuabanah, Functional President TN Haokip in agenna ah, kimawlna toh kisai in mimal kithununna poimoh dan uangtak in gen a, CCpur-Singngat-Singjawl NH 150 A a bawl theih hiding hiam chih Government in enkhe ding ahihdan gen hi. Hiai sports Meet ah team tuamtuam 34 val tel in Football leh Volley ball kimawlna nei uhi. Minister te’n Lamka khopi a nawtsiat ma un Khuga Dam Canal “L&R’ etkhiakna va nei malam uhi.


Lion Club of Greater CCpur honkhiakna om

Lamka, Dec 12: Synod Hall, IB Road ah tuni in Lion Club of Greater Churachanpur kichi honkhiakna Mr Lion MP Agarwal, MJF Distrct Convenor, Lion Club International District 322-D in honkhiakna nei a, Member te kichiamsakna nei zui ngal hi. Hiai hun ah 2008-’09 sung vaipaw ding in N Lhungdim IRS 9(Rtd) President ding in guang uh a, Vice President ding in Dr LF Tusing, T Gouzadou Ex Minister leh Rev Khen P Tombing banah, Secretary ding in Prof LS Gangte, Joint Secretary ding in, Ms Lalroutpui Pachhuau guang ua, Treasurer ding in Inderpal Singh, Joint Treasurer Elder Songlianthanga leh Chairman Public Relationship ding in Vanlallien Haokip guang uhi.


Gypsy accident ah mi 1 si

Lamka, Dec 12: Tuni sunma dak 10:30 vel ding in Tuima a pan gamla lou Thuangtam phakma ah Gypsy gari khat in tuahsiatna tuak in, huai ah Mr Kamsonlian (23) S/o Mr Chinkhanzam Valte of Bungmual, New Lane in sihna tuak hi. Thusuak in ataklatna ah, hiai Gypsy ah mi 6 tuang uh a, Tuima lui nihna atun un lampi khang Feet 120 ah lengkhe suk in, gari leng 7 vei val kilep hi’n kigen hi. Hiai hun ah midang 4 in leng liamna tuak uh a, amaute ahihleh, Mr Ginkhansiam (20) S/o Paukhothang of Khazang Village, Mr Sangmuan (21) S/o Thangchinlal of Sumtuh Village, Mr Lianzangam (24) S/o Vungkhosiam of Sinjawl Village leh Lamlunmang (20) of Gangpimual te’n liamna tuak in Lamka Damdawi Inn ah etkol in om lel uhi. Sihna tuak Mr Kamsonlian luang zingchiang in Bungmual Hanmual ah vuiliam hiding hi.


HEADLINES:


North East ah Human Rights bohsiatna thupitak om

Guwahati, Jan 12: Khovel in Human Rights kichi a buai pih mahmah lai in, India gamsung North Eastern state te leh Jammu and Kashmir ah Human Rights kichi buaipih in ana om saam a, Dan leh Thupiak enkol dia bawl a om Indian security Forces te’n leng Human Rights naktak in ana bohsia uh chih chiang mahmah hi. India ki ukna nuai ah Security Forces toh kisai in Unified Command kichi oma, huai nuai ah forces tuamtuam ana om sawn in, amaute galmuanlouhna mun te ah thuneihna sangtak piak ahih dungzui un, ut leh dah in ana gamtang sek uh a, Armed Forces Special Power Act kichi Jammu and Kashmir banah Northeastern state te ah zat in om a, a biiktak in Manipur in AFSPA 1958 kichi naktak in buaipih in om lel hi.

Thusuak in ataklatna ah, India malsuah bial te ah Human Rights bohsiatna uang deuhdeuh in, mipite kiphinna leng chi tuam hiaihiai hi’n kigen hi. India gamsung ah Security Forces te’n Human Rights a bohsiatna u toh kisai in 1994 apan tuni tan in case 1,318 registered in om a, huai lakah, India Malsuah bial a biiktak in Manipur, Assam leh Nagaland ah case 384 kibaang zou hidan in kigen hi. Sepaihte tung ah ngohna tuamtuam tam mahmah in, himahleh, sepaih te’n hiai case te ginatakin enzui lou uh hi’n kigen a, Jammu and Kashmir ah case 903 lel enzui in, North East ah Case 366 lel enzui uh hi’n kigen hi.

Hiai toh kisai in thil lamdang mahmah khat piang a, sepaih te’n Human Rights nasatak a a bohsiatna uah case 2000 phial kibulh mah leh, case 54 lel thudik ahi chi’n pom uhi. Huai bel, 4.26 per cent lel tungpha chih na suak hi. Tuni in National Human Rights Commission leh Assam State Human Rights Commission te saina in Guwahati ah National Seminar thupitak khat neih in om a, huai ah “ Social Justice, Human Rights and 21st Century” chih thupi a zat in om a, India sepaihte’ sik le tang in Brigadier Arun Gupta in huai hun poimoh va uap hi. Ni 2 daihding seminar ahihleh, NHRC Chairman PC Sharma in honkhiakna nei a, zingchiang in ‘Security forces and human rights’ chih thupi zangin houlimna omlai ding hi’n kigen hi.

Brig Gupta in agenna ah, maban ah Sepaihte’n Human Rights a bohsiat lai ngeingei ua leh, kuapeuh in HR cell ah tun pahpah dingin leng ngetna bawl hi. Army in ahihleh, Human Rights bohsiatna ziak in, Jammu and Kashmir ah tuni tan in, a sepaihte uh, 113 gawtna peta ua, minautang tung a hiamgam lou dia kithu hilhna leng amau sung ah neih hilel hi’n kigen hi.

EDITORIAL:

Ibobi bangtan detdou zouding hiam?

Manipur Politics I chih thil lamdang tak hi a, Journalist tamtakte’n Manipur toh kisai nalh pipi in gelh ua, thamlou in, nidang hun in Cartoonist te’n State paper te ah chiamnuih bawlna ding in zangsek uhi.

Kumlui 2007 in Manipur State Assembly Election I nei naihnaih a, Singtang gam apan MLA 20 telkhia in, Phaizang gam apan 40 I tel khia hi. Amaute’n March 2007 in kichiamna hon nei ua, tua zoh in Congress makaih in Secular Progressive Front kichi minvuah in Government bawlkhiak in hong om hi. Government March kha apan tunding khiak himahleh, June/July kha vel apan buaina neuhneuh hong tuak tou ngal in, September 2007 lak in sukveng in hong om hi.

Huai hun lai in, Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee President Gaikhangam makaih kiphinna (revolt) khat hong om chih Newspaper te leh mipite theih dan ahi. Himahleh, bangchi hiam hiam in hong ki khem lungdam ua, MPCC Chief in Congress sungthu ah buaina bangmah omlou in, Media te report khelh hidan peuh ngoh sawm maimah in hong om kha hi. Sapte thupil in, a vom chuh avom ahi a, angoupen leng angou mah ahi tawn tung hi a chih pian deuh in, November kha apan Manpur Government buai chih tak in hong buai nawn hi.

Congress makaih SPF Government ah Gaikhangam in Cabinet Minister tanpha hon len man mahleh, Congress High Command deihna bang in chih ziak in Minister dinmun pe’n nawtsiat sak in hong om a, MPCC Chief letsak in hong om hi. Gaikhangam in lungkimlouhna neiden hia ahih kei leh, bang chi dan hiam chih theih louh ding in tutung in iim vualnawn louh in Congress MLA te lak ah dissident chih bang hong om in, New Delhi tanpha ah ki camp uh a, Mipite’ dia bil doh louh theihlouh khat in hong om hi.

Nidang hun enkik zual ta le hang, Veteran Congress Leader leh tulel la Rajya Sabha MP Rishang Keising chauh Opposition ah atut khak hun hong om ngei a, huai hun in Radhabinod Koijam in Chief Minister hihna a hon leen hi. MLA 60 om na lak ah MLA 59 te Ruling ah om a, Opposition bench ah MLA khat lel a tut ding chih mihing te ngaihtuahna ah thil haihuai tak ahi a, khovel theih in thil mak taka hi nawn hi. Huai in bang gen ut hiam I chih leh, Manipur Politician te gilkialna, Power hungry ziak ahi chih a chian sak na in, sakol a langlang a tai mah bang in, thuneih ut na leh Minister utna ziak in dinmun kip neilou in hong om ua, himahleh, Rishang bel principle neitak in a tutphah nawnse lou in party ading in ana om hi.

Hun hong paitou zel in, Manipur Politics ah thil lamdang taktak ahong tungtou zel a, kum tamtak paisa apan I na chiindan uh tu in I lak ah ahongtung nawnta hi. Ahihziakin, Parliament in Act hoihtak khat hon passed in, MLA/MP kuamah in telching a a om na party uh nawsia in party dang zomthei nawnlou ding uh a chih utoh kiton in, State tamtak te ading in buaina ahi a, Manipur ading in buaina biik ahi I chi hi. Hiai Act leh Dan pen bawl hikei leh, Manipur ah Government ding lai puuk mun mahmah ding a, ahih kei leh, President Rule om mun mahmah ding in kilang hi. Tuateng banah, Minister dinmun len ding toh kisai in Parliament in Cabinet Minister leh State Minister om thei dingzah bikhiah chetchet uhi. Hiai in a tup ahihleh, State khantouhna ding ahi hi.

Manipur State ading in hiai Act leh Dan om te thubuai huaitak hiding in I ngiahsun hi. Tu in Congress in MLA 31 nei mah le uh a sungthu uh abuai nasat luat ziak in, CM Ibobi hita leh, a taikhe pawl hita leh, lungmuan huai hetlouh khat in om hi. Mipite haksatna leh a biiktak in a bial mipite uh haksatna theih pih mahmah lou in thuneih utna ziak in, Delhi tualpi kidenna in Congress High Command ah va kunkun uhi. AICC in leng enkhetu (Observer) hon sawl hial mahleh tuni tan in Manipur Politics ah kikhekna bangmah om tuanlou hi. Dissident te pawl in O Ibobi koihkhiak sawm in kiphinnna nei mah le uh, AICC in Ibobi ah muanna liantak nei lai adiam chih theih in om a, CM dia a guanbawl uh, Th Debendra Jiribam MLA (Minister) lah mi thuzohthei lua mi hikhollou ahihna toh Ibobi tung mah ah Centre muanna kinga ding in kilang hi. Huai ziak in Congress Ministry in thuneihna a kituh tuh sung un mipite’n bangzah ta in I na thuak loh a chih te ngaihsut tham ching mahmah ta a, Ibobi bangtan detdou zouding hiam chih leng gen haksa mahmah a, Delhi a ki camp te leng zahlak tak in Innlum hongtung thei ua, tuamah bang in, AICC in Ibobi hum kichi mah le u leng, Ibobi leng pukthei lou ding chihna om tuanlou ahihna ah thuneih kituh-te lak ah mipite a vangtah kha suak zaw bang in kilang thei mawk hi.

www.zogam.com

Rodent army cleans up Mizoram farmlands

- Fear of famine courses through state as rats shift attention from paddy to vegetables

Silchar, Jan. 13: High on energy after a carbohydrate-rich diet (read paddy), a rampaging army of rats has turned its attention to vegetables in farms across Mizoram.

Pumpkin, chilli, papaya, tomato, cabbage and squash — the rodents are devouring anything green and growing in acres and acres of land, forcing farmers as well as the agriculture department to press the panic button. Vegetable growers in Aizawl, Kolosib, Mamit, Thingdawl and Sherchip cannot decide whether to count their losses or run to the nearest shop for rat poison.

Half-eaten fruits and vegetables are all that remain after the army of rats leaves after the feast. It is a sad sight for anyone who has seen Mizoram’s productive landscape and the toil of the farmers. Squash alone is grown in about 32,000 hectares in this tint state. The annual output of this succulent vegetable, popular across the Northeast, is 28,000 tonnes.

The question Mizos are asking of the government now is whether the mautam (famine) they have been dreading for years has finally struck.

For those not familiar with the mautam cycle, it is a season of destruction triggered by a season of bloom in bamboo groves. After flowering, the bamboo dies and regenerates from the seeds. The rodents feast on the seeds that are available in plenty. The feast leads to sudden boom in the rat population.

Some experts believe that the bamboo flower, which blooms once in 50 years, increases the fertility of rodents. Most explanations point to the fact that the increase in their numbers during the peak year is a natural after-effect of the flowering of the bamboo.

Records from the British Raj indicate that Mizoram faced famine in 1862 and again in 1911. On both occasions, the region had witnessed bamboo flowering of the kind that the state has seen in the past year.

In each case, records suggest that the flowering of the bamboo leads to a dramatic increase in the local rat population. The increase led to raids on granaries and the destruction of paddy fields, and subsequently to a year-long famine.

The 1958–1959 mautam killed at least 100 people, besides causing heavy loss to property and crops.

Cut to 2008. The rats have not changed their occupation and the administration, too, is still as clueless about ways to deal with the disaster.

James Lalsiamliana, the plant protection officer of the state agriculture department, said the government employees have now been asked to make an estimate of total quantum of loss of vegetable growers.

About 72.5 per cent of farmer population in the state living in 659 villages have been affected by mautam. The rats ate up 38247.1 tonnes of paddy last year, since the flowering began.

Though estimates for loss of vegetables have been asked for, the government is yet to decide if the vegetable growers would also be compensated for their loss from the coffers of the Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme (Baffacos).

The Telegraph

60th ZOMI NAM NI DIAMOND JUBILEE CELEBRATION 2008

60th ZOMI NAM NI DIAMOND JUBILEE CELEBRATION 2008
Theme: Arise and Shine with Love, Peace and Unity
Organiser: Zomi Youth Association, Hqtrs.

60th Zomi Nam Ni Diamond Jubilee Celebration 2008 zatna ding tawh kisai in Sub-Committee tuamtuam ki dinkhia a tua sung pan in Music Committee zong Department khat ahi hi. Music Committee Makai ding in Celebration Committee in hih anuai a teng hong seh uh hi.

MUSIC COMMITTEE

Chairman : Pu Kham Suan Lun Hatzaw
Secretary : Pu. T. Biakmuan
Fin. Secretary : Pu Chinzakhup
Treasurer : Pu Thualkholien
Member : Pu Pausianmung

(CD Album a Artist lasa ding a kichial teng zong member a guan lut ahi.)

Zomi Youth Association, Hqtrs deihna bangin CD Video album bawl ding hoih kisa a, tua ding in Zogam ngaihla leh Social Gospel laphuah kidemna kisai hi. La phuah kidemna a hong kipia teng lakah 10 (sawm) kitel khia ding a, tuate CD Album a bawlkhiat hi ding hi.Laphuah kidemna lungdam man hibang in kipia ding hi.

ZOGAM NGAIHLA SOCIAL GOSPEL

2nd Rs. 2000/- + Certificate 2nd Rs. 2000/- + Certificate
3rd Rs. 1500/- + Certificate 3rd Rs. 1500/- + Certificate

Hiteng banah Consolation prize mi 4(li) kiangah Rs. 1000/- chiat kipia ding hi.
Music Department toh kisai sum zatna leh muhna hiai anuai a bang in Budget kibawl hi.

EXPENDITURE

1. Recording and video Shooting Rs. 40,000/-
2. Cash award ( laphuak te ) Rs. 16,000/–
3. Certificate Rs. 1,000/-
4. Artist Expenditure Rs. 5,000/-
5. Transportation Rs. 15,000/-
6. Printing Rs. 5,000/-
7. Guest Artist expenditure Rs. 3,000/-
8. Miscellaneous Rs. 10,000/-
9. Light, Sound for Concert Rs. 15,000/-

TOTAL Rs. 1,10,000/-

RECEIVED

1. Video coverage sponsorship Rs. 10,000/-
2. CD zuakman Rs. 25,000/-
3. Sponsorship for cash award Rs. 16,000/-
4. Concert Tickets Rs. 10,000/-
5. Celebration Committee Rs. 49,000/-

TOTAL Rs. 1,10,000/-

DONERS TE PULAKNA LEH KIPAH THUGENNA

Laphuah kidemna a lungdam man hong piaksak ding DONERS Zomi sung ah muandiak te kiangah kingen a, amau zong Zomi laphuak siam te pahtawi na ding in hong thukim uhi. DONERS te tung ah kipahthu genna kawm in hih anuai ah amin uh i taklang hi.

1. Zogam ngaihla 1st Prize Doner Pu Chinngaihpau Rs. 2,500/-
2. Zogam ngaihla 2nd Prize Doner Rev. Lian C. Tombing Rs. 2,000/-
3. Zogam ngaihla 3rd Prize Doner Dr. Dal Lian Haokip Rs. 1,500/-
4. Social Gospel 1st Prize Doner Rev Khen P. Tombing Rs. 2,500/-
5. Social Gospel 2nd Prize Doner Pu Dongzalian Rs. 2,000/-
6. Social Gospel 3rd Prize Doner Pu Tinkholal Rs. 1,500/-
7. Consolation Prize Doner Pu Mangchinkhup Rs. 1,000/-
8. Consolation Prize Doner Pu Haukhanthang Rs. 1,000/-
9. Consolation Prize Doner Pu Mangbeldam Rs. 1,000/-
10. Consolation Prize Doner Pu Ricky Guite Rs. 1,000/-

DONERS tengteng in CD Album Release hun chiang in Amau donate chiat la phuak siam te
kiang ah hong piak khiat sak ding uhi.

SONG RECORDING AND VIDEO SHOOTING COVERAGE

CD Album Cassette bawlna ding tawh kisai giautau tak a aki omlai in Pu V. Hangkhanlian, Hon’ble MLA in Rs. 30,000/- tawh sponsor ding hong chiam ahihman in amah tung ah kipahthu gen kawm in Leitung bup a ZOMI omte theih ding in kong pulak uhi.

CD Album a lasa (Artist) ding tawh kisai aki ngaihsut chiang in Zomi sung a khangthak lasiam tuamtuam te Community wise a chial ding in kithukim hi. Artist ding tawh kisai chialna kibawl hon thukim teng hih anuai a bang ahi.

1. Lia Gloria Chiinlianniang
2. Lia Vungthiankim
3. Lia Joycee Vaiphei
4. Lia Hatboi Zou
5. Tang Pauginmuan
6. Tang Lal Son Muan
7. Tang Khamminlun
8. Tang Elson Samte

LAPHUAH KIDEMNA TAWH KISAI THEIHTUAK PAWLKHAT LEH KIPAH THUGENNA

Amasa pen in Zomi Nam Ni Laphuah kidemna a hong tel khempeuh te tung ah kipahthu kong gen hi. A vekpi in laa 103 hong lut a, hoih thei mahmah hi, hilezong 10 telkhiat ding ahihna ah haksa mahmah hi. La 10 kitelkhia a adang teng ZYA Hqtr. makai te kiang ah kipekhe ding a mailam hunah zat ding in ki koih hoih ding hi.

TENTATIVE PROGRAMME

Maban a nnasep dingdan tentative programme hibang in kong taklang uhi.

1. 15th November, 2007 ma a Final Selection bawl zoh ding kichi pen tu in kizou ta a, TOP SECRET in kikoih hi.
2. 25th November, 2007 ma ngeingei a Studio a Song Recording pat ding.
3. December 1st Week a Motion Picture Shooting pat ding.
4. January Last Week/ February 1st Week 2008 pawl a Concert neih ding.Concert zatna hunah CD Album Relaese hiding a, Pu V. Hangkhanlian, Chief Guest a chial ding a lemsak ahi.
5. 19th February, 2008 nitak in Public Ground a Zomi Nam Ni Musical Nite a nuam thei pen a zat ahi ding. Hi hunah Zogam Artist Association Host Artist a chial hiding a, Kuki Artist Association leh Hmar Artist Association te chial hiding hi. Tua banah Musical Nite zatchiang in Chief Guest neih ding in kithukim hi.

NGETNA / CHIALNA

Music Department te makaih na tawh nnasepding tampi om a sum zong tampi mah beiding in kingaihsun hi. Sum beiding teng aki hisap ciang in Budget cross thei ding in kingaihsun hi. Tua ahihman in Leitung bup a Zomi U-le-Nau te kiang ah huhna/panpihna pe nuamte a ding in Music Committee in kong hong gige hi. Panpihna hong pia te Nam Ni chiang in pulak khiat na omding a nasia tak in ki pahtawi ding hi. Pasian in thupha hong piak na neih leh lam tawh Na Nam, Ngeina ahi Zomi zuun in.

I Nam Ni lohchinna ding in I omna chiat ah Pasian kiang a thungen ni.
Zomi te Pasian in nna khempeuh bawlthei I Nam khatvei chiang in hong tungding ding hi.

I Nam a ding a na seppih uh,

Sd/-
Kham Suan Lun Hatzaw
Chairman

Sd/-
T. Biakmuan
Secretary

MUSIC COMMITTEE
60th ZOMI NAM NI DIAMOND JUBILEE CELEBRATION 2008


Dated Lamka
18th November, 2007

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ZOMINAMNI HONG PIANKHIATNA TANGTHU

Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni pen muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong ki penkhia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen thuk-in zai-a, zong sang mahmah hi. Hih ni pen Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.

Zomite’ adingin Zomi Nam Ni a hong piankhiatna thu tel taka I theihtheih nadingin hih banga a hong piankhiatna tangthu tawmbeek I theihloh kiphamawh hi. Mikang kumpi in ni suahna lam gamte hong keeka, India ciang hong tung ta hi. India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laaksak khin ta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah uhhi.

Tua hun laitakin Zogam pen ei le ei ki-ukna India leh Kawlgam kikal ah om hi. Zogam in Kumpi neilo-in mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautang kici hi. Ki-ukna Thukhunpi kineilo hi. Hih bangteng pen gamkeek, huang-eu Mikangte in hong muh ciangun Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh a, 1907 ciangin Zomite’ deihna hilo, Mikang kumpi deihna tawh ki-ukna hong bawlsakin Zomi tangpi tangta deihna donglo-a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uhhi.

Tua banga hong bawlnate uh kithuak nuam tuan lo-in Kawlgam sunga om minam kimte tawh a kibangin Zomite in Mikangte I dona tangthu ciaptehna-in Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhia ahi hi. Tua tangthu leh-et kik leng:-

1939 kum khit ciangin suahtakna ngah nanga hanciamna hong nasia semsem hi. Zomite’ khuamuhna zong hong zai semsema, Zomi Kipawlkhopna panmunlente in gamkeek Mikang kumpi tung ah anuaia bangin nam 9 na ngen uh hi. Tuata in:

Zogam in Zanggam tawh a kibanga ki-ukna lama phattuamna a ngah nading.
Zogam ki-ukna pen Zomite deihna tawh kizui-a Thukhunpi bawl nang.
Pilna lam, cidamna lam leh sumzuak sumleinate a khantoh nanga puahphat nang.
Zogam pilna sanglam aman langa puahphat nang.
Suakta taka Biakna zuih theih nang.
Zogam lampi kizopna amanlanga hong bawlsak nang.
Zogam leh Zanggam suakta takin kikawm kizop theih nang.
Zomite niman dangte tawh liangko kikima kizop theih nang.
Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam in zong a kibanga a ngah pah nang.
ci-in thu nam 9 na ngen uh hi.

Hih atunga ngetna nam 9 te Mikang kumpi in a piak ding sangsikin, hih kipawlna a bei nang hanciam lai hi. Makaiteng zong gamvai (politics) a sep nawn loh nang uh thupia zawsop hi. Ahih hangin mipi-in Mikangte’ vaihawmna a deihlohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpetlet pan Mikangte taikhia uh hi.

Kawlgam in Suahtakna I ngah cilin ahi 1949 kum-a ki-at Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (Parliament) a a dawl tungnung leh a nuainung ci-in dei nih om hi. Zomi namte adingin tua Paliman dawl nih aitang palai puak ding hong kuk ta hi. Paliman ah Zomi tangpi tangtate’ lungkimna tawh a kitel palai puak ding ahih hangin Minam kim Palimante ah gamke dangte bangin Ukpite leh Khawk-ukte’ tel palai puak ding maw- cih thu kitelkhiatna hong omta hi. Tua thu siangsak dingin Zomite kimtaka thu kikupkhopna akhatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua ah 1948 kum Tuunkha (February) kha 12 ni pan 22 ni dong nasa takin kibawl hi. Tua khawmpi a ni nihni-in Tedim pana Pu Thang Khaw Kai in thukhat sung hi. Tua in –‘Suahtakna ngah ma hun lai-in Zogam ah Gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gamah hoihlo ahi. Ukpite leh Khawkukte’ hong uk cipna hanga a piang mi zawng tangpi tangta tung ah kilawm kituak lo-a siah donna, kuli vanpuate thaman pia lo-a sawlna, mizawng nautangte in khuasisan luanga a thalawhsa, a sepsa tung ah thuman lo-pia laksakna, a kipan a thuneihnate uh uang zatluatnate’ hangin nakpi takin gentheihna kituak hi. Tua ahihmanin hih Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a zung natawmin longkhia-a ei le ei suakta taka mipi deih Democracy ngeina tawh ki-uk na’ng cih ahi hi. Tua a thusun pen Falam khua huam Lailun khua pan palai Pu Chun mang leh Kanpetlet pan palai Pu Thang Muang te nih in thukimpih pah uhhi. Tua a thusun thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensak uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote sagih bek in nial-a vote 4993 in thakhat thu-in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pah hi. Hih banga atamzaw thukimna tawh Ukpi ngeina a kibeisak nadingin Zomi nam khempeuh mipi deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy huihdam kidik kha a, khuamuhna mittang hong keuh ta hi.

Hih banga kikhopna a kibawl khit phetin thuvaihawm pawl in Ukpite a kibeisak manin liauna (compensation) dangka 500,000 piapah hi. Tua dangka pen a zaa lianpen panin a zaa neupen dong 70,000; 20,000; 5000; 1000 leh 100 cih bangin sehhawmsak uhhi. Tua pana kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-ukcipna, kigawtna leh Ukpite’ siahkaihna khut nuai pan kisuakta ta hi.

Hih banga Falam khua-a a kibawl khawmpi in gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gam hoihlo ahi ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a kibeisak bek tham lo-in:

Zomite’ khang tangthu sung ah kithutuah diamdiama Zomi Nam Ni bawl theih denna Mipi atamzaw deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy ngeina zatna Suahtakna a ngah cil Kawlgam sunga teeng minam tuamtuamte tawh liangko kikim a, kipumkhatna ngahin I gam a kip den na’ng leh Zomite minam vai lampan deihtaka kipanpihna zong ahi hi.


Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihlo Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a beina ni ciapteh na’ng Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zomi Nambup adingin ni thupi pen ni hi, cih Kawlgam sung bek thamlo leitung buppi in hong theihpih nading deihna tawh 1950 kumin Falam khua ah Zomi Nam Ni nasia takin kibawla, tua lai ah Kumpipa Sao Shwe Thaik leh a pawlte zong na kah uh hi. Hih bang teng ciangin Zomi Nam Ni hong piangkhia ahi hi. Zomi a kici peuhmah in hih ni thupi ni kumsimin bawl dena, a kip tawntung na’ng Zomi khempeuh ii mawhpuak ahi hi.


Tg. Vungh Za Pau

General Secretary, ZNC


Laaksawnna:

1. [Zomi Beacon, Premier Issue 1995/1. pp.114-118. Published by Publicity Department/ZRO, Lamka, Zogam, 1995 A.D.]

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