(Printing press and the role of the Holy Bible)
By Philip Thanglienmang
Kum 1475AD kum in William Caxton in lâibusutna (printing press) abawlkhiet apatin Mangkam in kikhêlna tampi anei na lâi hi. Tami lâibu sutna jiehin lâibu mantam tampi mantawmtahin ahing kisunkheta a, ahing kisujauta a, mi tampite’n lâibu ahing simtheita hi.
Lâibusutna khawl (machine) ziehin lâisimthei leh gielthei mite ahing pung deudeu a, tuachiin hâm tângpi jahthei ahing piengkheta a, hâm kibahlounate ahing kiem deudeu a, Hâm kammalteng ahing gawmkhawm thei hi. Lâigieldân asukhanglien mama a, lâiteng zahdân kibahna ahing tun hi.
Lâibusutna jiehin kamzah (language usage), hâmneute (dialects) tuomtuomte ahing kigawmkhawm thei hi. Hâm kikhietna zong asukiem jouta hi. Lâigieldân leh lâiteng zahdân a’ng kibang thei ta hi. Lâibusutna in lâiteng (spelling) kibahsahna (uniformity, standardization) a’ng tun hi. Hâm kibahlounate (dialectical differences) khanletna (development) a khâm hi. Mangkam ahing khanglien a tuni’n leitung aluodim phielta hi.
Singtangmite kikhenna; Missionaryte hing pieh Roman lâi (Roman orthography) ahi.
Tu’nle hâm leh lâigieldân tungtang kikum khawm va ui; Lâigieldân (spelling usage) in hâmdân (manner of speech) leh hâmzahdân (language usage) asuhdihthei a, ahilouleh asulamdang thei hi. Lâisiemte (scholars) lâigielte khu hâm bulpi leh sutpi dânin akigêl hi. Lâigieldân pên hâmguong(structure of language) khat toh akibultuo leh akhietna omthei pan ahi. Tuajiehin hâm chipên ahileh osuo (vowel) pawlte ahi. Osuote pên mit a, muthei chiemtêna khuoilumei phêng tung, electric meiphe ahisihleh khutsut chite apata kisuothei ahi. Tuachiin, lâigieldân leh hâmzahdân pên gielkhiet apata hing mêngdoh leh piengkhethei in akithei hi.
Hâm khatpoupou sunga kamteng/thuteng (word), ophawidân (phonetics), osuo khietdânte khu lâigieldân in abukimsah theichet sih hi. Missionaryte’n lâigieldân a’ng pieh u’a kipan in thuteng/kamteng akikhietna uh tampite a piengta hi.
Missionaryte’n lâigieldân a’ng pieh u’a kipan in hâm kibangte zong hâm tuomtuom dânin ahing kigielkhie a hâm kibang nalâi pipi zong Missionary luite’n lâigieldân tuomtuom ana pieh jiehun hâm kibang lâi mipawlte zong hâm kibanglou dânin ahing piengkhie hi. Singtangmite laha Bible a’ng letkhedoh chiet u’a, ahing kisutjou apatin lâiteng zahdân tuomtuom ahing kijang chiet a, tuachiin hâm tampi ahing piengkhe dânin akitheita a, tuachiin nam tuomtuom hâm dânin, amauh theitawh in ahing kituomkoi chietta uhhi. Bible in Manghâm leh Mangkangte laigieldân agawmkhawm joua, leitung pumpi ah Mângte (rulers) in apang u’a, gam tampi ana luojou uhhi. Hinanleh ei singtangmite pên Bible a'ng kisut akuon in, lâigieldân lam ah a’ng kikhenjâhta uhhi. Lâigieldân leh hâm kibahsahna ding lampang ana ngaisun khol sih u’a, tuachiin lâigieldân ziehin nam (tribe) tuomtuomte ahing kimêlchi chietta uhhi.
Tu’nle, Manipur gam sunga nam chia akigên chiengin hâm khat bulphu (base) in nam akitheikhen zêl hi.
Zo [Zou] hâm leh Simte (India gam sung a Simte) hâm bang en lei, a ophawi uh kibang deidoi vethou ahivangin Simte Literature Lâigieldân pên Paite/Lushei/Tedim literature lâiteng zahdân azah jiehun Zo hâm toh akibang theita sih hi.
Tuachiin Tedim hâm leh Paite hâm thakhat hinapiin, himaleh missionaryte ana lâi pieh uh ana kibang lou ahimanin tuniin tategêl pên hâm tuomtuom dânin a om ta mawh hi. Mikâng Missionary masate ana Lâi pieh pên uh ana kibang kha ana hitaleh tuni’n tam hâm tegêl pên akitheikhenthei sih dînga, tuachiin hâm khat dânin ana kizil thei dîng hi.
Himaleh Mikâng missionary masate’n Tedimte adîngin Lâi khat ana piengsah uh a, Lushei missionaryte’n Paite adîngin Lâi dang khat ana piengsah uh hi. Lâi kibang ana hitamahleh khanglien jawdîngin ka gingta hi.
Tuamabangin, Mikâng missionaryte’n Lusheite leh Hmarte Lâi tuomtuom ana pie uh a, tuni’n tam hâmte gêl pên atuomtuom dânin akitheikhenta hi. Duthusâm (deidan) in tagêl bêh ana kibangta ngengngong uh leh a hâm uh khanglien mama vên maw!
Tu’nle, Missionaryte lâipieh tungtang kikum kia va ui: - Eite pen English Medium (kizahna) school ngen a khanglien atamjaw i hi jiehun, I hâm-leh-pâu uh, I sim chieng’n English okaidân [phonetic] I zang let uhhi. Mânghâm banga ei singtang hâm khat poupou pawl khat [classI] apata I zillou uh ahijiehin sim hasa akisa thei chiet hi. Tua ahimanin ogingte zahdân I buoithei mama pai uhhi. Tedim, Paite, Simte leh adangdangte lâigieldân pên missionaryte ana pieh uh lâigieldân A, AW, B, CHAW…system jang uh chi’n khenkheta lei, tam lâigieldân jiehin a osuo uh leh athutengte uh nempi ana kiheng chithei ahi.
Etsahna in A, AW, B, CHAW system zangte’n ‘O’ pên ‘OU’ chi in agingsah uhhi. Gêntena in tou pên to‘ chi’n asim u’a, lou pên lo; loh’ khu ‘lou’ chi in agingsah uhhi. Hinanleh, India sunga A, B, C, CH, D, E...Z, azang Zohâm sungah khun ‘loh’ chipên Mang hâm a kiledoh leh shake, stir’ china ahibou hi.
A, AW, B, CHAW. System zangte’n Manghâm a ‘to fall’ agiel chiengun ‘kia’ chiin agiel let u’a; hinanleh, a ophawi uh lah, ‘kie’ gin toh akinâi mama zêl hi. Mangkam a ‘bad’ khu ‘sia’ chiin agiel uha ‘pastor/teacher’ zong ‘Sia’ chiin agiel gawp suh uhhi. Zo hâm a ‘bad’ chia akigiel chiengin ‘sie’ chiin akigiel leng hi. Zo hâm a ‘sia’ i chi chiengin Mang hâm in ‘iron’ china ahibou hi. Ahilouleh, ‘sia’ chipên ‘sihva’ tomlam kawmuna khat ahi. ‘sia’ zong Mang hâm a ‘to wipe ‘ china ahi. Zohâm in fastàsua chiin akigiel a, publish, open, suo chiin akigiel hi. A, AW, B, CHAW system zangte’n Mang hâm a ‘gaur/mithun’ pên ‘sial’ chiin agiel uhhi. Zo hâm a ‘sial’ chipên Mang hâm in ‘fox/jackal’ china ahibou hi. Ahilouleh, ‘sial’ khu ‘âhsi’=star china ahijaw hi. Zo hâm a thuteng ‘kie’ khu Mang hâm in ‘fall’ china in akizang hi. Ahivangin, Zo hâm sungah thuteng ‘kia’ i chi chiengin Mâng hâm a ‘return, again’ china ahi. Manglâi toh hing khanglien mite’n kammal khat asim chiengun Manglâi sim bangin asim let uhhi. Zo hâm in, tam atunga kigên thuteng kitheikhenna anei jiehin atuompouna akinei khinkhian hi.
Tam atunga i gênte jiehin ei singtângmiteng hâm ahing tuom deudeuta hi. Tambangin thuteng nempi khat kibahlouna ahing piengkheta hi. Lâigieldân leh lâibusutna in Mang hâm akhangliensah a, akibangsah a, ahi’nlah ei singtâng mite lah ah, hâm kigamlâtna ahing tunjaw hi.
Lelam khat ah, tulâi huntha hun in, lâibusutna ahing up apatin hâmkinâite;
Zo, Tedim Chin, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Gangte, Lushei, Hmar, Thado-Kuki leh adangdangte lâigieldân ana kibangta maileh leh kilawm hia! Ana hitheilou pen i nam i gam a diinga sil dahuoipi khat in akimu
Tualeh hâmneute (dialects) na kigawmkhawm taleh kilawm hinapiin, tam lâibsutna jiehin ahâm apâu uh khu kigawmkhawm lehmah in, akigamla deudeu jawta hi. Lâibusutna hing khanlet lâia Manghâm sunga hâmneu kibahlounate akhâmjou mabangin ei
Zo, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Lushei, Tedim-Chin, Gangte leh adangdangte laha zong hâm tângpi khat ana piengdoh leh ana lêngkhedoh taleh kilawm mama ahi. Hinanlehzong, Mang hâm bangin i hâm kinâite na khanglien khata sih hi. Tuni’n ‘Towel of Babel’ kigên mabangin i gam u’ah hâm chituomtuom dânin i ding chietta uhhi. Tuajiehin, tunia I kikupna uh thulu ahileh I hâmte uh ousohâm ahijiehin Missionaryte a’ng na pieh ‘lâi’ leh ‘lâigieldânte’ pên I hâm sung u’a thuteng ophawi leh osuote toh akituoh na’i? chia etthakia di’a hoi ka sah jiehin ka thei khomkhom in ka’ng tâlang hi.
No comments:
Post a Comment