David Vumlallian Zou
Queen’s University Belfast, UK
------------------------------------------------
Sakhuo leh society toh kisai houlimna akibawl chieng in, mi khenkhat te’n, “Athu a gengen hun hi nawn lou, asep-a-sep khiet hun ahi ta” achi thei zeel uhi. Laisiengthou ah zong nasep tellou ginna pen a shi ahi chi i mu hi. Hinanleh misiem tampi te’n nasep toh “tongsan samtui chiim bang luon” sah ding a deihuoi dan agen uhi. Tongsan (theory) leh nasep kigawm pen English in “praxis” kichi hi. I theisiem di’n gen mai lei, “Zo nawh” toh kilebul chet ahi. “Zo nawh” pen tongsan tellou a, ginlelna nei man lou a, asep a sep khiet thaw ahi. Shakespeare in Hamlet ah ginlelna chau, nasep tellou a buchin loudan zong agen thou hi. Hinanleh ei singtangmite dinmun ah tongsan leh ginlelna poimawh in ka thei hi. Aziehpen ei lah ah, Doubt-Debate-Discussion (tongsan) kithupi sim mel lou abang nalai hi.
Laisiengthou ah tongsan chiindan zui di’a chielna tampi kimu thei hi. Thuhun Lui ah Pasien leh Job kinielna huoisie i thei ta uhi. Tualeh Pasien in tongkum ding leh kiniel ding in mihingte chiel gige a, “Hing pei un, tong kikum va ui” (Isaiah 1:18) achi hiel hi. Van leh lei a pilna umteng tongkupna leh kinielna apat hing piengkhe thei ahi zaw hi. Job laibu sung ah Pasien pen kiniel hat Toupa ahidan kimu thei hi. Kinielna di’n ginlelna poimawh a, dotna tampi siem ngai leuleu hi. Pasien in Solomon pilna apieh lai in, ginlelna (doubt) tampi apieh hi. Bible sung a ginlelna hau pen Solomon hidi’n agintaat huoi hi. Ecclesiastes sunga ginlelna toh thugen pen Solomon ahi ngei ding hi: “Mihing tate hagau van lam a kaltou a, gamsate hagau leinuoi lam a kumsuh ahi mel bang na thei ei?” (Eccl. 3:21). Mihing leh gamsa te’n hagau nei tuoh hitaleh, bang e i kikhiatna? chi ginlelna Bible a kigel na um sun ahi mai ding hi. Thuhun Tha lam ah zong Thomas in ginlelna hau mama a, Jesu liemnate a mit ngeia amu matan gingta lou hi. Mulou a gingtate pen a “hampha” hi, chi i thei ua; hinanleh mu a gingtate theina “detdou” sese ding a, pilhuoi sese di’n i lamen hi.
Khovel a zilna leh theina zousie ginlelna apat hing kipan ahi zing hi. Sir Francis Bacon in, The Advancement of Learning (1605) ah hichin agen hi: “Ginlelna nei theina leh siemkhiatna in manphatna thuopni nei hi”. Khatna ah, ginlelna in theikhelna apat hing vengbit a; anina ah, thudih kichienzaw sem a sui di’n ahing tawsawn hi (Sen 2005: 27-28). Thudih theina lampi hoi pen ginlelna ahi chi Bacon in ana gen hi. Hinanleh ginna leh kinepna tellou in koima khosa thei lou ding hi. Mihing society leh sakhawna pumpi zong ginna leh kimuon ngamna zieh a peipei thei ahi. Dr. David Lipe in “Faith and Knowledge” chi alaigel sung ah, “Ginna leh theina te’n tup-le-nim kibang anei uhi” chi hiel hi. Ginlelna in theina lampi ah hing pui thei a, theina in ginna zong piengsah thei zeel hi. Hinanleh ginlelna um lou in i phah tawp kitung paipai ding hi. Apoimawh pen ahileh tawp lou a thudih sui ding ahi’a, tawp lou a dotna lampi zui ding ahi. Robert Frost in tantawh a lungkim a hoi lou dan hichin anagen ngai hi:
“The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep”.
(Muikhuo zin kuon singgam dum didialte etlawm sang. Nanleh ka tongchiamte mualsua nai lou, Ka zaal masang, lam saupi zui din haibang ei ngah lai).
Tuazieh in ginlelna pen sil bailam hi lou hi. Ginlelna in lunghimawna, dotna hamsa leh sil theichet utna tampi banah houlimna-tongsan manpha zong piengsah kha ding hi. Jesu ngei in ama hun a sakhawna thuhilna lui (religious orthodoxy) a ginglel a, dotna hamsa tampi abawl gige hi. A dotnate Pharisai leh Sadukai-te’n zong dawng thei gige lou ua, mi tampi in Jesu a muda law uhi.
Zo minam pumpi Tapidaw asuohna zieh poimawh khat ahileh ginlelna zieh ma ahi. Nidang a Lawki biehna pen Pau Cin Hau hun apat ginlel in na um a, dotna hamsa tampi kidot khum hi. Zo sakhuo lui a I pi-le-pute gindan in mishite hagau in Mizogam leh Burma gamgi a Rihdil ana gaalkai zeel uhi. Samat-galmat nei loute Mishikhuo ah atung ua, mi hausa leh galhatte pen Pielgal gamnuom ah a leeng uhi. Zo sakhawna ah nei-le-neilou kikhenna (class division) um zing a, mizawngte adi’n Pielgal (Vangam) pen kinep huoi seng lou dan ahi. Zogaal (World War I) lai in i pi-le-pute’n Sap-kaang te galhatdan na theikhe pan ta uhi. Tualeh Japan Gaal (World War II) sung in Japan mi leh Tuisuahgiat apat mihing nam tuomtuom um ahidan kichien sem in ana thei ta uhi. Nam kideikhop leh kiliensah tah Zo minamte pen Sap-kaangte khutnuoi ah hun tomkhat na khosa uhi. Tua hun lai in, Sapte Pasien leh Zo pusa koi zaw ahat zaw diei? chi ginlelna i pi-le-pute lungsim ah Zogaal zou vel apat na lut thamtham ta ding hi. 1990 kum a Hiengtam ka zin in, Lawki upa Tapidaw suah ut lou khat ka thei na lai hi. Ama’n pusa akibieh a, Bible pen America-te gel maimai ahi chi gintatna anei hi. Ama’n Zo sakhawna ginglel thei nai lou a, tuoziehin Tapidaw sakhawna pen pomthei lou phot hi. Zo minam sunga Khristian suoh masate ahileh Lushei gam a suohte – Bawi kichite – ban ah numei naupang lamte ahi deu uhi. Tapidaw pen migenthei leh liengvaite sakhawna dan in i pi-le-puten na en zing uh ahi chi Upa Thanga (1883-1957) laphuah apat kimu thei hi:
“Mangpa loupi pen ka hing pahtawi uhi …
Lungkhamte sal liengvai migi loute din,
Sangngate gentheite, Mangpa leh Pasien …
Na tate ka leh mauna na ngaikhe leng …
Nam chin mial apat sal a pawt kipah hen …” (ZWS 2003).
Tapidaw na suoh masa penpente samat-galmat tung tawn a Pielgal tung di’a kinepna nei khol lou teng ahi sim uhi. Etsahna di’n, ka pu pen Lawki siempu ahina toh na shi a, hinanleh meithai-taga ka pi, Telluan pen Khristian na suoh hi. Ginlelna zieh in khovel kisiemdan hilchetna tha hing um thei a, Zo sakhawna apat Sapkaangte sakhawna theichet utna hing um thei pan hi. Mizogam ah Rev. (Dr.) Zairema hun apat Tumlam gam a Welsh missionary-te sinsahna nasatah in ki ginglel pan a, dotna tampi na bawl khum uhi. Tunai in Rev. (Dr.) Lalchhuanawma in Christianity and Subaltern Culture (2006) ah missionary-te sinsahna nasatah in thusitna a bawl khum hi. Pasien in Sapte a veh chieng in Sap zieh in a veh a, Kolte kung ah Kol dan in akilah a, Zo minamten zong Pasien pen Zo zieh a bieh ding ahidan Mizo lamkaite’n anah gen mama uhi. Zo minamte’n Sapkaangte zieh leh “theology” toh Pasien bieh ding kisam sese lou ahidan nasatah in agen uhi. Zo tapidaw sung a kikhen-kibalhna tampite zong Tumlam gamte “theology” nengneng te zieh ahi zeel hi.
Ginlelna pen dotna leh tongsan in zui thei leh chi lunggul huoi hi. Tongsan chiindan pen Zo pasalte guoh kihuoi tuom na ding hi lou hi. Khanglui lai in pa-thununna (patriarchy) nuoi ah na kikhosa a, inn sung leh khotaang vaihawmna ah numeite na kipampai hi. Ji vuoh leh saat (domestic violence) chiindan zong tuni tan in Zodawn lam ah bei nai lou hi. Pa-thununna toh kisai ginlel ding leh kidot ding thu tampi um hi. Zo nu a mawl vang in thudot in um ngai lou a, a mawlna henkol sutna di’n koi ma’n laitheina (literacy skills) zong penuom tuon lou hi. Zodawn lam ah kum 30 Nipi saanginn a kai vang a, A AW zong simthei nai lou Khristian numei tampi um nalai hi.
Nipi saanginn tungtawn a Zo nute laisim dan kisinsah ding Pasien in a daal amah? Dal lou ding hi. Khovel ah kikhenna chi tampi um hi – khopi/khota tenna mun (domicile), azawng ahau (class) kikhenna, numei/pasal (gender) kikhenna, lai thei leh thei lou (education), chi leh nam (ethnicity) a kidaidanna tampi um hi. Hichibang kikhenna khovel ah Zodawn a teeng kha, income nei lou, Zo “tribe” neu khat sung a numei laithei lou a pieng khate dinmun se petma hi. Singtaang lou hou a kivah inn kuon sungah zong pasal saang in numei dinmun niem deu sese a, pasal Bible sim thei lou sang in numei Bible sim thei lou tam deu sese hi. Hichibang dinmun hamsa tah a um Zodawn mite Second Coming thu toh galgih saangin Literacy Mission leh Survival Skills khenkhat kihil leh manpha zaw di’n a lamet huai hi.
Zodawn a zawnna bulpi pen khat ahileh Land Reforms um lou zieh leh singtang lou haw zieh ahi. Mimal a gam nei (private property) poimaw masa hi. Mimal a gam i nei matan Zogam neitu um lou china ahi. Hausa title subei sese lou a, Zogam mimal khut a neitu hina um theina di’a Land Reform bawl thei ahi. Britain ah zong Leeng hina subei sese lou in, gam pen private property suoh thei thou hi.
Tu dinmun Manipur singtanggam ah kivaihawmna mumal um lou hi. Tualsung vaihawmna um lou zieh in, athaluong in tangval thau tawite khut nuoi ah i ki-enkol mai uhi. Mipi deina toh kiteel tuolsung vaihawmna chikhat kisam mama hi. Minam khantouna di’n zauna bei a tong kikup ding poimaw hi. Ginlelna leh dotna tampi bawl a, khat leh khat tong kisan tuoh a, asep a sep mai hilou a, Social Policy kichien tah a kikup gige ding poimawh hi. Zo minam sung ah mipi tongsan (public debate) chiindan um lou in na tampi na kisem gige hi. Mabaah ah TV (Vanglamelmu), newspaper (thuthang), seminar leh debating forum tuomtuom zanga minam adi’a poimawh thu khat photphot kikup ngatngat ding dei huoita hi.
Tualeh Right to Information Bill chite zong feltah a zat thei ahina di’n mipi leh thutha-saite adi’n pilvan huoi sa ing. I pastor leh sakhuo nasepte zong khantouna (development), Human Rights leh social issue tuomtuom a nasep leh thugen a tusang a ahing kihal tam sem ding uh dei huoi hi. Thudih geen na hi phot leh, zau ding um lou a, taan ngam (sacrifice) zong khat veivei kisam mai thei ding hi. Pastorte’n silpieh (tithes), Building Fund leh Second Coming thu maimai agen thei ding uh chi Bible ah kimu sam lou hi. Nidang a OT zawlnei-kamsang te’n zong khotaang hutdamna leh politics thu nasatah in ana gen tham uhi. Tongsan samtui chiim bang luong di’n Pu Rabindranath Tagore in hichi’n Pasien kungah thumna na nei kha hi:
Sakhuo leh society toh kisai houlimna akibawl chieng in, mi khenkhat te’n, “Athu a gengen hun hi nawn lou, asep-a-sep khiet hun ahi ta” achi thei zeel uhi. Laisiengthou ah zong nasep tellou ginna pen a shi ahi chi i mu hi. Hinanleh misiem tampi te’n nasep toh “tongsan samtui chiim bang luon” sah ding a deihuoi dan agen uhi. Tongsan (theory) leh nasep kigawm pen English in “praxis” kichi hi. I theisiem di’n gen mai lei, “Zo nawh” toh kilebul chet ahi. “Zo nawh” pen tongsan tellou a, ginlelna nei man lou a, asep a sep khiet thaw ahi. Shakespeare in Hamlet ah ginlelna chau, nasep tellou a buchin loudan zong agen thou hi. Hinanleh ei singtangmite dinmun ah tongsan leh ginlelna poimawh in ka thei hi. Aziehpen ei lah ah, Doubt-Debate-Discussion (tongsan) kithupi sim mel lou abang nalai hi.
Laisiengthou ah tongsan chiindan zui di’a chielna tampi kimu thei hi. Thuhun Lui ah Pasien leh Job kinielna huoisie i thei ta uhi. Tualeh Pasien in tongkum ding leh kiniel ding in mihingte chiel gige a, “Hing pei un, tong kikum va ui” (Isaiah 1:18) achi hiel hi. Van leh lei a pilna umteng tongkupna leh kinielna apat hing piengkhe thei ahi zaw hi. Job laibu sung ah Pasien pen kiniel hat Toupa ahidan kimu thei hi. Kinielna di’n ginlelna poimawh a, dotna tampi siem ngai leuleu hi. Pasien in Solomon pilna apieh lai in, ginlelna (doubt) tampi apieh hi. Bible sung a ginlelna hau pen Solomon hidi’n agintaat huoi hi. Ecclesiastes sunga ginlelna toh thugen pen Solomon ahi ngei ding hi: “Mihing tate hagau van lam a kaltou a, gamsate hagau leinuoi lam a kumsuh ahi mel bang na thei ei?” (Eccl. 3:21). Mihing leh gamsa te’n hagau nei tuoh hitaleh, bang e i kikhiatna? chi ginlelna Bible a kigel na um sun ahi mai ding hi. Thuhun Tha lam ah zong Thomas in ginlelna hau mama a, Jesu liemnate a mit ngeia amu matan gingta lou hi. Mulou a gingtate pen a “hampha” hi, chi i thei ua; hinanleh mu a gingtate theina “detdou” sese ding a, pilhuoi sese di’n i lamen hi.
Khovel a zilna leh theina zousie ginlelna apat hing kipan ahi zing hi. Sir Francis Bacon in, The Advancement of Learning (1605) ah hichin agen hi: “Ginlelna nei theina leh siemkhiatna in manphatna thuopni nei hi”. Khatna ah, ginlelna in theikhelna apat hing vengbit a; anina ah, thudih kichienzaw sem a sui di’n ahing tawsawn hi (Sen 2005: 27-28). Thudih theina lampi hoi pen ginlelna ahi chi Bacon in ana gen hi. Hinanleh ginna leh kinepna tellou in koima khosa thei lou ding hi. Mihing society leh sakhawna pumpi zong ginna leh kimuon ngamna zieh a peipei thei ahi. Dr. David Lipe in “Faith and Knowledge” chi alaigel sung ah, “Ginna leh theina te’n tup-le-nim kibang anei uhi” chi hiel hi. Ginlelna in theina lampi ah hing pui thei a, theina in ginna zong piengsah thei zeel hi. Hinanleh ginlelna um lou in i phah tawp kitung paipai ding hi. Apoimawh pen ahileh tawp lou a thudih sui ding ahi’a, tawp lou a dotna lampi zui ding ahi. Robert Frost in tantawh a lungkim a hoi lou dan hichin anagen ngai hi:
“The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep”.
(Muikhuo zin kuon singgam dum didialte etlawm sang. Nanleh ka tongchiamte mualsua nai lou, Ka zaal masang, lam saupi zui din haibang ei ngah lai).
Tuazieh in ginlelna pen sil bailam hi lou hi. Ginlelna in lunghimawna, dotna hamsa leh sil theichet utna tampi banah houlimna-tongsan manpha zong piengsah kha ding hi. Jesu ngei in ama hun a sakhawna thuhilna lui (religious orthodoxy) a ginglel a, dotna hamsa tampi abawl gige hi. A dotnate Pharisai leh Sadukai-te’n zong dawng thei gige lou ua, mi tampi in Jesu a muda law uhi.
Zo minam pumpi Tapidaw asuohna zieh poimawh khat ahileh ginlelna zieh ma ahi. Nidang a Lawki biehna pen Pau Cin Hau hun apat ginlel in na um a, dotna hamsa tampi kidot khum hi. Zo sakhuo lui a I pi-le-pute gindan in mishite hagau in Mizogam leh Burma gamgi a Rihdil ana gaalkai zeel uhi. Samat-galmat nei loute Mishikhuo ah atung ua, mi hausa leh galhatte pen Pielgal gamnuom ah a leeng uhi. Zo sakhawna ah nei-le-neilou kikhenna (class division) um zing a, mizawngte adi’n Pielgal (Vangam) pen kinep huoi seng lou dan ahi. Zogaal (World War I) lai in i pi-le-pute’n Sap-kaang te galhatdan na theikhe pan ta uhi. Tualeh Japan Gaal (World War II) sung in Japan mi leh Tuisuahgiat apat mihing nam tuomtuom um ahidan kichien sem in ana thei ta uhi. Nam kideikhop leh kiliensah tah Zo minamte pen Sap-kaangte khutnuoi ah hun tomkhat na khosa uhi. Tua hun lai in, Sapte Pasien leh Zo pusa koi zaw ahat zaw diei? chi ginlelna i pi-le-pute lungsim ah Zogaal zou vel apat na lut thamtham ta ding hi. 1990 kum a Hiengtam ka zin in, Lawki upa Tapidaw suah ut lou khat ka thei na lai hi. Ama’n pusa akibieh a, Bible pen America-te gel maimai ahi chi gintatna anei hi. Ama’n Zo sakhawna ginglel thei nai lou a, tuoziehin Tapidaw sakhawna pen pomthei lou phot hi. Zo minam sunga Khristian suoh masate ahileh Lushei gam a suohte – Bawi kichite – ban ah numei naupang lamte ahi deu uhi. Tapidaw pen migenthei leh liengvaite sakhawna dan in i pi-le-puten na en zing uh ahi chi Upa Thanga (1883-1957) laphuah apat kimu thei hi:
“Mangpa loupi pen ka hing pahtawi uhi …
Lungkhamte sal liengvai migi loute din,
Sangngate gentheite, Mangpa leh Pasien …
Na tate ka leh mauna na ngaikhe leng …
Nam chin mial apat sal a pawt kipah hen …” (ZWS 2003).
Tapidaw na suoh masa penpente samat-galmat tung tawn a Pielgal tung di’a kinepna nei khol lou teng ahi sim uhi. Etsahna di’n, ka pu pen Lawki siempu ahina toh na shi a, hinanleh meithai-taga ka pi, Telluan pen Khristian na suoh hi. Ginlelna zieh in khovel kisiemdan hilchetna tha hing um thei a, Zo sakhawna apat Sapkaangte sakhawna theichet utna hing um thei pan hi. Mizogam ah Rev. (Dr.) Zairema hun apat Tumlam gam a Welsh missionary-te sinsahna nasatah in ki ginglel pan a, dotna tampi na bawl khum uhi. Tunai in Rev. (Dr.) Lalchhuanawma in Christianity and Subaltern Culture (2006) ah missionary-te sinsahna nasatah in thusitna a bawl khum hi. Pasien in Sapte a veh chieng in Sap zieh in a veh a, Kolte kung ah Kol dan in akilah a, Zo minamten zong Pasien pen Zo zieh a bieh ding ahidan Mizo lamkaite’n anah gen mama uhi. Zo minamte’n Sapkaangte zieh leh “theology” toh Pasien bieh ding kisam sese lou ahidan nasatah in agen uhi. Zo tapidaw sung a kikhen-kibalhna tampite zong Tumlam gamte “theology” nengneng te zieh ahi zeel hi.
Ginlelna pen dotna leh tongsan in zui thei leh chi lunggul huoi hi. Tongsan chiindan pen Zo pasalte guoh kihuoi tuom na ding hi lou hi. Khanglui lai in pa-thununna (patriarchy) nuoi ah na kikhosa a, inn sung leh khotaang vaihawmna ah numeite na kipampai hi. Ji vuoh leh saat (domestic violence) chiindan zong tuni tan in Zodawn lam ah bei nai lou hi. Pa-thununna toh kisai ginlel ding leh kidot ding thu tampi um hi. Zo nu a mawl vang in thudot in um ngai lou a, a mawlna henkol sutna di’n koi ma’n laitheina (literacy skills) zong penuom tuon lou hi. Zodawn lam ah kum 30 Nipi saanginn a kai vang a, A AW zong simthei nai lou Khristian numei tampi um nalai hi.
Nipi saanginn tungtawn a Zo nute laisim dan kisinsah ding Pasien in a daal amah? Dal lou ding hi. Khovel ah kikhenna chi tampi um hi – khopi/khota tenna mun (domicile), azawng ahau (class) kikhenna, numei/pasal (gender) kikhenna, lai thei leh thei lou (education), chi leh nam (ethnicity) a kidaidanna tampi um hi. Hichibang kikhenna khovel ah Zodawn a teeng kha, income nei lou, Zo “tribe” neu khat sung a numei laithei lou a pieng khate dinmun se petma hi. Singtaang lou hou a kivah inn kuon sungah zong pasal saang in numei dinmun niem deu sese a, pasal Bible sim thei lou sang in numei Bible sim thei lou tam deu sese hi. Hichibang dinmun hamsa tah a um Zodawn mite Second Coming thu toh galgih saangin Literacy Mission leh Survival Skills khenkhat kihil leh manpha zaw di’n a lamet huai hi.
Zodawn a zawnna bulpi pen khat ahileh Land Reforms um lou zieh leh singtang lou haw zieh ahi. Mimal a gam nei (private property) poimaw masa hi. Mimal a gam i nei matan Zogam neitu um lou china ahi. Hausa title subei sese lou a, Zogam mimal khut a neitu hina um theina di’a Land Reform bawl thei ahi. Britain ah zong Leeng hina subei sese lou in, gam pen private property suoh thei thou hi.
Tu dinmun Manipur singtanggam ah kivaihawmna mumal um lou hi. Tualsung vaihawmna um lou zieh in, athaluong in tangval thau tawite khut nuoi ah i ki-enkol mai uhi. Mipi deina toh kiteel tuolsung vaihawmna chikhat kisam mama hi. Minam khantouna di’n zauna bei a tong kikup ding poimaw hi. Ginlelna leh dotna tampi bawl a, khat leh khat tong kisan tuoh a, asep a sep mai hilou a, Social Policy kichien tah a kikup gige ding poimawh hi. Zo minam sung ah mipi tongsan (public debate) chiindan um lou in na tampi na kisem gige hi. Mabaah ah TV (Vanglamelmu), newspaper (thuthang), seminar leh debating forum tuomtuom zanga minam adi’a poimawh thu khat photphot kikup ngatngat ding dei huoita hi.
Tualeh Right to Information Bill chite zong feltah a zat thei ahina di’n mipi leh thutha-saite adi’n pilvan huoi sa ing. I pastor leh sakhuo nasepte zong khantouna (development), Human Rights leh social issue tuomtuom a nasep leh thugen a tusang a ahing kihal tam sem ding uh dei huoi hi. Thudih geen na hi phot leh, zau ding um lou a, taan ngam (sacrifice) zong khat veivei kisam mai thei ding hi. Pastorte’n silpieh (tithes), Building Fund leh Second Coming thu maimai agen thei ding uh chi Bible ah kimu sam lou hi. Nidang a OT zawlnei-kamsang te’n zong khotaang hutdamna leh politics thu nasatah in ana gen tham uhi. Tongsan samtui chiim bang luong di’n Pu Rabindranath Tagore in hichi’n Pasien kungah thumna na nei kha hi:
“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free …
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action –
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake”
(Tagore 2002: 35).
(Lung shi lou a, lu dopsang ngam na mun ah, Siemna leh pilna zalenna mun ah, Tui chiim bang a lungsim ngaisutna gilte, ngaidan lui sehnel gamgaw lah a agammang louna mun, Lunggel piching sem leh nasep tangzai zaw sem dia nangman lungsim na kehletna mun ah, Pa aw, tuabang zaleenna vangam ah, ka gamlei hing phong tan).
Where knowledge is free …
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action –
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake”
(Tagore 2002: 35).
(Lung shi lou a, lu dopsang ngam na mun ah, Siemna leh pilna zalenna mun ah, Tui chiim bang a lungsim ngaisutna gilte, ngaidan lui sehnel gamgaw lah a agammang louna mun, Lunggel piching sem leh nasep tangzai zaw sem dia nangman lungsim na kehletna mun ah, Pa aw, tuabang zaleenna vangam ah, ka gamlei hing phong tan).
Laibu-ette (Bibliography)
1. Lipe, David L. (undated) “Faith and Knowledge” [On-line] http://www.apologeticspress.org
2. Sen, Amartya (2005) The Argumentative Indian, London: Penguin Books.
3. SL&PB (2004) Khristian Hla Bu, Aizawl: Synod Literature & Publication Board.
4. Tagore, Rabindranath (2002) Gitanjali, New Delhi: Indialog Publications.
5. Vanlalchhuanawma (2006) Christianity and Subaltern Culture, Delhi: ISPCK.
6. ZWS (2003) “Mangpa Loupipen”, Zou Worship Service Shillong Hymn Book, Shillong.
No comments:
Post a Comment